Island Fauna. For the general character- istics of the fauna of islands, see Isolation. E.ainples of individual peculiarities in island faunas will be found under Galapagos I.slands, etc.
BiBLlOGRAPnT. Suess, Das Antlitz der Erde (Stuttgart, 1885, 1888); de la Noe and de Jlar- gerie. Lcs formes du Terrain (Paris, 1888); Wal- lace, Island Life (London, 1891).
ISLAND CITY, The. A name for Montreal.
ISLAND NUMBER TEN. An island which
existed, until shortly after the Civil War, in
the Mississippi River, about 40 miles below
Columbus, Ky. (near the boundary line between
Kentucky and Tennessee), thus named from its
position in the series of islands below Cairo,
111. After the first Confederate line in the West
had been broken by the capture of Forts Henry
pnd Donelson (q.v.), the garrison at Columbus,
Ky., constituting the Confederate left tlank. was
withdrawn to Xew Madrid (q.v.) and Island
Jfumber Ten and placed in command of General
McCown, who was later replaced by General
Mackall. Early in Marcli, 1S(J2. a Federal army
under General Pope and a Federal fleet under
Commodore Foote advanced against these posi-
tions. On the 16th New Madrid surrendered to
Pope, who then marched about 2.5 miles down the
river, and with the assistance of transports which
had been brought through a laboriously con-
structed channel, across a peninsula formed by
a loop in the Mississippi, from a point above the
island to New Madrid, succeeded in attaining the
Confederate rear at Tiptonville, the Confederate
batteries along the east bank having been pre-
viously silenced by the gunboats Carondelet and
Pittsburgh, which, under Captain Walke and
Lieutenant-Commander Thompson, had success-
fully run by the island on April 3d and April 7th,
respectively. Meanwhile Foote's fleet had kept
up a fairly continuous though ineflfeetive bom-
bardment. The Confederate garrison, which num-
bered between 6000 and 7000, threatened in front
and rear, and completely cut off from retreat by
the Federal forces and impenetrable swamps,
finally surrendered on April 7th. The Federal
loss was less than a dozen men. The cutting of
the channel across the peninsula fonned by the
kop in the river required great labor and con-
siderable engineering skill, while the running of
the batteries by Henry Walke (q.v.) was not
only one of the most dramatic deeds of the war,
but completely overcame the Confederate defense
of this position. After the war the old Island
Number Ten was gradually washed away by the
river, and a new one was slowly formed on the
opposite shore. Consult: Johnson and Buel (edi-
tors). Battles and Leaders of the Ciril ^Var. vol.
i. (4 vols.. New York. 1887): Mahan, The Gulf
and fnlaiid ^^atcrs (New York. 1883).
ISLAND OF SAINTS (Lat. Tiisnla Saneto-
rum) . A name given to Ireland in the ^Middle
Ages, from her great number of ecclesiastics and
missionaries.
ISLANDS OF THE BLESSED (Lat. For-
iunatw Insula', Gk. ai tSiv iJ.aKa.pwv vijaoi. hai Ion
makaron nesoi) . .ccording tn an old Greek myth,
certain islands situated toward the edge of the
western ocean, where was the abode, not of de-
parted spirits, but of certain favored mortals.
rescued from death by the gods. Here life was
most easy, the climate soft and springlike, and
there was abundance of all things. Homer calls
the spot the Elysian Plain (Od., iv., 563), but
Hesiod, Works and Days, 168, and Pindar, OL, ii.,
with later poets, speak of islands. Later authors
identified the islands with the Canaries, lying
outside the Pillars of Hercules, in the Atlantic
Ocean.
ISLAND OF THE SEVEN CITIES. A legendary island .settled by seven bishops and refugees from Spain and Portugal at the time of
the Moorish Conquest.
ISLAY, i'la. A Scottish island, one of the
Inner Hebrides, included in Argyllshire, 15 miles
west of the Peninsula of Cantire, and southwest
of the island of Jura, from which it is sepa-
rated by the Sound of Islay (Map: Scotland, B
4). Area, 220 square miles, of which about
22.000 acres are under cultivation. The north of
the island is hilly, and along the eastern shore
runs a ridge rising from 800 to 1400 feet in
height. The central and western districts are
undulating or flat. Whisky-distilling is the
principal industry. Population, in 1901, 6891.
ISLE'BIUS, Magister. A name sometimes
applied to Luther's disciple Johann Agricola
(q.v.).
ISLE OF LADIES. A poem attributed to Chaucer, which first appeared in Speght's edition (1597) of Chaucer. It is also called "Chaucer's Dream."
ISLE OF LANTERNS. In Rabelais's Pan- 1a<jruel. an island peopled by pretended wise men.
ISLE OF MAN. See Man, Isle of.
ISLE OF PINES, or Sp., Isla de Pinos, e'sla
da pe'nos. An island belonging to Cuba, situated
about 40 miles southeast of the southern coast of
the Province of Pinar del Rfo (Map: Cuba, B 5).
It is almost circular in outline, with a diameter of
about 40 miles and an area of 1214 square miles.
It is hilly and well forested with pine, cedar, and
mahogany in the northern part, while the south-
ern consists of a low marsh, similar to the Ever-
glades of Florida, covered with mangrove thickets
and presenting a luxuriant wealth of native flora
and fauna. The soil of the northern part is sandy
and favorable to the growth of pineapples and
potatoes, the latter being of excellent quality.
There are some mineral deposits, of which only
the marble-quarries are exploited. Cattle-raising
is. however, the chief source of wealth of the in-
habitants, who in 1899 numbered 3199. chiefly
concentrated in the town of Santa Fo and the
capital, Nueva Gerona, situated near the northern
coast. See Brvan, Our Islands and Their People
(New York, 1899).
ISLE OF WIGHT. See Wight, Isle of.
ISLES, Lords of the. A line of Scottish chiefs, celebrated in poetry and romance. Sir Walter Scott, in his notes" to The Lord of the Isles, speaks of Somerled as Lord of the Isles; but it is probably more correct to speak of him as King of the Isles. The later lords of the isles traced "their descent from him. He appears prominently in Scottish history in the middle of the twelfth century, during the reigns of David I. and his grandson and successor, ^lalcolm TV. The race to which he belonged is uncertain; probably, like most of his subjects, he was of mixed descent, Norwegian and Celtic. Barbftui savs that one of his descendants, Angus of the
