KATSU AWA. 412 KATYDID. (q.v.) probably saved Yedo from being burned. His life was several times attempted by assas- sins. He retired to Sliidziuika with his master, the Shogun Keiki (q.v.), Imt lie was later ealled by the ilikadu to Tokio to beeonie Minister of the Navy Deijarlmeut. In IS74 he opposed the proj- ect of war with Korea, and, resigning his olliee, gave himself to study, lie sent many young men as students to the United States, among them his own son to the Naval Aeadeniy at Anna])olis. He wrote a history of the modern .Japanese navy. KATSUO, kiit'soo-ti. In Japan, any of various tunnies, varying from one to fgur feel in length, which are among tlu' sea-fish most e.xtensivelj- taken. The principal lishing is in Shikoka. The dried iish of .Japan are mainly of this kind, and take the name •katsuobushi,' amounting in quan- tity to aliout .5,000,000 eaties annually. KATTE, kat'tc, Ha.ns Hkkman.n von (1704- 30). A friend of Frederick the Great while he was Crown Trinee. He became known for his refusal to obey the King's order that he should iuive nothing more to do with the young Crown Prince, who was ardently attached to him. and in whose plans to eseajie he took a i)romineut part. 15ut the i)lot was discovered, and Katte was executed by the King's orders. KATTE, Walteh (18:i0— ). An American civil engineer. He was born and eihuated in England, and emigrated to the United States in 18.')0. In 185" he was resident engineer of the State canals of Pennsylvania, and from that time until the outbreak of the Civil War held respon- sible jjositions as an engineer of various rail- roads. During 1801-ti2 he was in the service of the Federal Government in military railway en- gineering, and then acce|)led jiositions in connec- tion with the Pennsylvania and Nortlicrn Central railroads. During lsi;.">-7.'i. while connected with the Keystone Bridge Company of Pittsburg, he superintended the building of the Saint Louis steel arch bridge, and was afterwards chief engi- neer of several railroads, including the Manhat- tan KIcvatcjl in New York City, and the New York Central system. KATTEGAT. Another spelling for the name of a strait between Denmark and Sweden. See CArrEtiAi'. KAT'TIMUN'DOO, or CATTIMUWDOO (East Indian name). A substance which resem- bles gutta-percha, derived from the milky juice of Euphorbia trigona, an East Indian plant. It is obtained either as a natural gum. which has oozed through the bark, or more commonly by making incisions and collecting the juice. It is much used in India as a cement for knife-handles, and for similar purposes, but is not exported to other coimtrics. While fresh it is very elastic, btit in course of time becomes resinous or bitter. Since it is softened by heat, it cannot be used for articles that are subject to high tem|)erature. The fresh juice is sometimes used for producing blisters, and the gum for rheumatic plasters. KATTOWITZ, ki'tAvits. A town in tho Province of Silesia, Prussia, 10.5 miles southeast of lireslau (Map: Prussia, H 3). It has impor- tant iron and zinc works; has manufactures of phosphor-bronze, furniture, and machinery, and is the centre of the upper Silesian coal trade. Population, in 18(10, ir,..'-il3; in 1000. .'^1.74.5. Kattowitz was an unimportant village until 1867, when it was made a city. KATUN, kii-toon'. A cycle of twenty years, peculiar to the calendar of the Maya tribes. It was subdivided into live parts of four years each. Tbe years were counted around the circumference of the calendar wheel, and the conclusion of each katun cycle was noted by the placing of a coni- niemmative stone in the wall of the principal temple. Thirteen of these cycles made up the aliini hiiltin, (U- great cycle of 2()0 years, Ancjthcr katun of twenty-four years appears to have Ix'en in use for some special purposes. The etymology of the term is disputed, KATUN'GA. An important native trading town of the Nupe country, in British Nigeria, West Africa, situated about 30 miles north of ll(jrin. Its population has been estimated at 10,000, KATYAYANA, kiityii'ya-na. A name of great celebrity in the literary histor}' of India. It belongs, in all ]H<)baliilily, to several ])crson- ages renowned for their coiUril)Utions to the gram- matical and ritual literature of the Brahmanical Hindus; but it is met with also among the names of the chief disciples of the Huddha, Sakyamuni. The most celebrated personage of this nana', however, is Katyayana, the critic of the great granunarian Panini (q.v.) ; and he is most likely the same as the Katyayana to whose name is att;iched a ritual manual, the Sifiiita Hutra of the White Yajur-^■eda, also v XdrvCtint kramani, a sort of Vedic concordance, and other treati.ses connected with the White Yajur -Veda. Katyayana is well known as a gra larian through his critical notes or sujiplementary addi- tions to Panini. These are called Vurtlikils. ex- planations or additional rules. They tree, of about one-third of Panini's a)>horisnis and they are of special value. Katyayana's additions and corrections were gatherc<l up and conuncnted on in turn by Patanjali (<i.v.). The territory to which Katyayana belonged was Dceean, and his date appears to have been the third century n.c. On the Katyayana Srauta Sitra, consult : Weber, White Yaj'ur-Ved4i (London. 1859) ; Macdonell, fianslcrit Literature (New York, 1900). KATYDID. A popular name for several species of long-hornol grasshoppers, usually of a pale-green color. Those to which this name spe- lilically applies are natives of North America and are al)undant in some parts of the Ignited States. Their peculiar note is always to be heard during the summer, and perhaps most abundantly in the evening twilight, although sometimes in tbe daytime. The note of one species is almost like a shrill articulation of the three syllables, 'katydid,' following each other in quick succes- sion, after which there is a pause of two or three minutes. Modified wing-membranes, by the over- lapping of the wing-covers, can be made to rub against one another, and the sound is produced by the friction. It is a noticeable fact that with these insects the day note dilTers from the night note. The common species in northern New England is the narrow-winged katydid {flcudderia ciirvicaucUi) . The broad-winged katy- did is also a common Northeastern species ( C.i/r<o- pliyUus perspicillatun) . and anotber species is the oblong-winged katydid (Ambh/corypha ohloiif/i- foliii). The species commonly known as the angular- winged katydid ( Mirrocentrum reti- nrrris) is abundant throughout the more southern portions of the United States, extending as far
