KOEL. KOGEL. two in Australasia. They are cuckoo-like in form, but rather stout, and are remarkable for a sexual dillerence in coloration, the male Vicing glossy black, and the female rufous, with black bands. Still more unusual is the fact that the young resemble the males in plumage and not the females. The koels are parasitic, depositing their eggs singly in the nests of other birds, as do several other members of the family (see Cuckoo), but seem to look after their (ilVspring to a certain extent, for they have been seen feed- ing Iheni after Ihey have left the nest of the foster-parents. One species {Eudi/iutmis hono- rata) is numerous and familiar in India, where it is known as 'rain-bird.' A common species of the Pliilippines {IJiuli/iirnnis ilinrliiiicnsis) is there called 'phow.' The blue-headed koel {Eudy- nam in rijaiHKt pluihi) is a native of Australia. See Plate of Cuckoos. KOENIG, ke'niK, Georg Augustus (1845—). An American chemist. He was born in Willstedt, Baden, and was educated at tlie Karlsruhe [loly- technic school and at the universities of Berlin and Heidelberg. rceeiing from the latter in 18G7 the degree of Ph.D. He came to America in 1868, took up the study of industrial chemistry, and after explorations of Jle.xican mining regions was made professor of chemistry and mineralogy at the University of Pennsylvania in. 1874. In 1879 he became acting professor of geology and mining, and in 138G professor of niineralog- and metallurgy' there, lie worked out several new processes in analytical and industrial chemistry, made valuable additions to the classification and description of minerals, and invented an unsvic- cessful method of releasing silver from low-grade ore. He has contributed widely to scientific periodicals and to the Proceedings of the many societies of which he is a member. KOENIG, IlEiNRicn .Tcseph (1700-1800). A German novelist, born at Fulda and educated there. He held ofliccs in Fulda and Hanau. His earlier works, the dramas Die Erfiillunq and Wiinti, were followed liy [{oaenhranz eiiiex Kntho- lihcn (1820). and licr C'lirif^fbaiim drs Lrhms 11831). Because of these books he was excom- municated by the Catholic bishop and entered the Protestant Chnrdi. He became a member of the Diet of Hesse-Cassel in 18.32, and was an op- jjonent of the reactionary ISIinister Hassenjitlug. In ISfiO he moved to Wiesbaden. His historical novels are now forgotten. He wrote once more on theological matters in B'n.t inl die n'dhrhcit V(m JcKiif (1807), and the autobiographical sketches: .-1hc/i cine Jugcnd (18.52), Ein Still- leben (1861), and Eitie Fahrt nach Ostende (1845). KOENIG, TJonERT (1828-1000). A German educator and author, born at Danzig. He studied philoloo:^' and theology in Berlin, Edinburgh, Bonn, and Halle: was rector of a young women's seminary at Oldenburg; edited the home journal Dfiltrim at Lei|)7.ig from 1804 to 1800; and then settled at Potsdam. He is best known through his Driitxrhc Ulfcratiirfiesrhirhlr (20th ed. 1808) ; and besides a number of popular and juvenile books, such as Per fjrnxse Krirq ran ISl'O (2d ed. 1872) and Drr <iile Xetielheek (187.3). wrote Zur Chnrah-tcri.itik dcr Fraiicnfrnpe (1870). and other works on women's rights, and Dciifaehes Frauenlebeii im drtitxchrn Liede (2d ed. 1801). He also translated several of Walter Scott's novels. KOENIG, RoDOLPiiE (1832-1001). A French physicist, born at Kijnigsberg, in Prussia. He went to Paris in 1851; worked in the factory of Vuillaunie at the construction of musical instru- ments; and in 1858 established a manufactory of acoustic instruments. He made valuable studies of graphic representation of sound, in- vented a manometric flame, and. following an ide.a originating with Scott de Martinville, con- structed a phonautograph. by which the vibra- tions of sound are recorded. Koenig improved Seebeck's siren, repeated Reis's early experiments with the telephone, and exhibited at Philadelphia in 1870. with many other acoustic instruments, a tonometer with 070 forks. His tuning-forks were especially fine and became the standard among physicists. His important writings, which met with little immediate recognition, because of his standing as .a mere manufacturer, were Qiirl(jues experiences d'<icoiisti(iiie (1882, re- |irintcd from PoggendorfT's Annalen), and a ('(tlrilrirjiie raisonnd d'appareils d'acoustique (1S50-S9). KOENIGS, k&'niKs, Paul X.vvier (18.58—). . French mathematician, born at Toulouse. He received the degree of doctor of sciences in 1882, and the following year was appointed to the faculty of Besancon. then to that of Toulouse (1885). Afterwards he was made professor of mechanics at the Sorbonne and the Coll&ge de France. His original treatises upon geometry, mechanics, and like subjects were published in dill'erent journals of mathematics, in the records of the Academy of Sciences, and of the Normal School, and he issued independently: Lci'ons de Vagrfqntion classique de mathcmutiques (1892) ; Hur Ics. lii/ncs ijcodcsiques (1803), which was crowned by the Academy of Sciences: Lceons de einemnlique (1805) : and ha gcomitrie rcgUe et ses a pplietitious (1805). KOETSVELD, koots'velt. Cornelis Ei.iza V.VX (1807-03). A Dutch novelist, born at Rot- terdam. He studied for the ministry at Leyden, and obtained his first charge in 1830. After- wards he was pastor at Bcrkel and Schoonhoven, and in 1840 was ajipointed Court preacher at The Hasue. His numerous thcidogical writings are little known, but his novels and descriptions ol country li(e in his own villages have a place in Dutch literature. The best of these sketches is Sehetsen uit de pastnrij te ^^asflllnd (1843), translated into English by Thomas Kcightley as The Manse of Masiland (1800). KOFTJ, ko'foiS. The chief town of the Prov- ince of Kai, Yamanashi ken, .Tapan. about 80 miles southwest of Tokio (Jlap: Japan. F 6). It stands in a movmtainous region, and is one of the most progressive towns in .Tapan. It has many fine buildings in European style. Its chief indiHtry is silk-weaving. The thin sarsenet-like fabric i?alled kai-ki and used for linings is its mo-it cflebrated product. Here are cut and pol- i'ihecl many objects of rock-crystal, which is quar- ried in the neighboring mountains. The province is also noted for its fine grapes, and a most ex- cellent wine is produced from them. Population, in 1808. 37,.561. KOGEL, ke'gcl. RmOLF (1820-00). A German theoloirjan and distinguished preacher, born at Birnbaum. in the Province of Posen. He studied theologr and philology- at the universities of Halle and Berlin. After teaching and preaching
