JACKSON. commanders under General McCook in f'e Army of the Ohio. JACKSON, John (1778-1831). An English portrait painter. He was born at Lastinghani. Yorkshire, May 31, 1778, the son of a tailor. His early portraits were done in pencil weakly tinted with water-color. His first work in oils was a copy of Sir Joshua Reynolds's portrait of George Col- man. Through the encouragement and patron- age of Lord llulgrave and Sir George Beaumont, he went to London in 1804. and the following year studied at the Royal Academy, where he formed the friendship of Wilkie and Haydon. Jackson first exhibited at the Academy in 1804, and in 1806 exhibited a group of Lady Mulgrave and Hon. Mrs. Phillips. He was elected an associate of the Royal Academy in 1815. In 1819 he went to Rome, where he painted a portrait of Canova, one of his best works, ex- hibited in 1820 and at the Royal Academy. He was elected member of the Roman Academy of Saint Luke, to which he sent yearly from five to eight portraits. Jackson was devoted!}' pious, but his religious opinions were gloomy, and tended to injure his health and spirits. He died in London. .Tune 1, 1831. He was a facile painter, and excejled as a colorist. His portraits were wanting in vivacity, but strong and true in char- acter, while his color was rich and subdued. His finest female head was that of Lady Dover, and his finest male portrait that of Flaxman. The National Gallery contains many of his portraits. among which are those of Rev. William Holwell Carr. Catherine Stephens. Sir John Soane, his own portrait, and one of John Hunt (copy from Reynolds). The South Kensington Museum has a portrait of Earl Gray and six sketches made in Holland and Belgium. The British Museum con- tains a valuable collection of his drawings. JACKSON, .John Adams (1825-79). An American .sculptor, bom at Bath, Maine, Novem- ber 5. 1825. He studied first in Boston, and later in the atelier of Suisse in Paris. He exe- cuted portrait busts of many celebrated people of his time, including one of Webster after medals and portraits loaned by his family. At Florence, in 1853. he modeled busts of Adelaide Phillips, T. Buchanan Read, and others. In 1854, at Boston, he made a bust portrait of Wendell Phillips, which is in the Boston Museum, one of George S. Hilliard. for the Xew York Historical Society, and another of Dr. Lyman Beecher, which was the property of the late Henry Ward .Beecher. In 1858 he returned to Xew York; but in 1860, being commissioned to make a statue'in bronze of Kane, the Arctic explorer, he went to Florence to execute the work, and continued to reside in that city. There he produced most of his ideal subjects, which display an extensive knowledge of anatomy and graceful treatment. Among these are "Eve and the Dead Abel" (1862). "Titania and Xick Bottom," "Cupid Stringing His Bow," "The Culprit Fay," "Dawn."' "Peace," the "ilorning Glorv" (a medallion), "Musidora" (1873), ••Hylos." and "II Pastorel- lo," an Italian shepherd boy. Among his larger works are a group for the soutliern ffate-hnuse of Central Park, Xew York (1860). and the Sol- diers' ifonument at Lynn, Mass. (1874). He died at Pracchia. Tuscany, August 30, 1879. JACKSON, Mercy Brisbee (1802-77). An American physician. She was born at Harwich, 77 JACKSON. Mass., and graduated at the Xew England Fe- male Medical College in 1860, though she had previously practiced at Plymouth and Boston for more than thirty years. She was admitted to the American Institute of Homoeopathy in Phila- delphia in 1871, and was the first woman to obtain that Jionor. She afterwards became a mem- ber of the Massachusetts and the Boston Homoeo- pathic societies, and in 1873 was made pro- fessor of the diseases of children in the Boston University School of Medicine, which position she was filling at the time of her death. Shi? was married twice, first to the Rev. John Brisbee, and after his death to Capt. Daniel Jackson, of Plymouth. She delivered many lec- tures on the subjects of temperance and woman suffrage, and was a contributor to the Woman's Journal. JACKSON, Patrick Tracy (1780-1847). An American manufacturer, born at Xewburyport, Mass. ; brother of Dr. James Jackson. He was apprenticed to a merchant, made several voyages to the Far East, and engaged afterwards at Bos- ton in the India trade, in which he acquired a fortune. With his brother-in-law, Francis C. Lowell, of Boston, he engaged in cotton manu- facture, and after several experiments succeeded in producing a model from which a power loom was constructed in 1814 by Paul Moody. They purchased their first mill in 1813, at Waltham — • the first that converted the raw cotton into cloth. In 1821 he purchased land on the ilerri- mack River, on which the ilerrimack ilanu- facturing Company erected a number of mills under his auspices. This was the nucleus of the present city of Lowell. In 1830 he obtained .a charter for a railroad from Lowell to Boston, which, vmder his direction, was completed in 1835. He took a deep interest in the moral and intellectual welfare of his operatives. JACKSON, Saml-el Mac At-LEY (1851—). An American educator and author, born in Xew York City. He graduated in 1870 at the College of the City of Xew York, in 1873 at the Union Tlieological Seminary, and in 1873-76 studied at the University of Leipzig. From 1876 to 1880 he was pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Xor- wood (Bergen County), X. J., and in 1895 was appointed professor of Church history in Xew York L'niversity. In 1878-80 he was assistant editor of the Bible Dictionary of Philip Schaff, cm whose Encyclopcedia of Relifjious Knowledge (1880-84), an adaptation of the Realencyclopadie of Herzog, he was also the associate and managing editor. Other publications with which he was editorially connected were the Ci/cloiKedia of Liv- ing Diiincx (1S85-86) ; Johnxon'x Vnirersnl Cij- clopwdia (1803-95); the Standard Dictionary (1893-95) ; and Webster's International Diction- ary (1900). He prepared the first extensive bibliography of foreign missions ever published ( 1891 1 . He was editor-in-chief of the Concise Dictionary of Religious Knouletlye (1891). of tlie "Heroes of the Reformation Series" (1898 et seq. ), and of the Handbooks for Practical Work- ers in Church and Philanthropy (1898 et seq.). For The Xew International Encyclopiedia he con- tributed to the department of religious biography. For the "'Heroes of the Reformation Series" he wrote Huldreich Zwingli ( 1901 ) , the first original biography of the Swiss leader published in Eng-
