LESLIE. 155 L'ESPINASSE. Sir Roger de Coverley series are at Bowood, in the collection of the Marquis of Lansdowne. In the Philadelphia Academy are a number of rep- licas and the original of the ""Murder of Rut- land." Consult Leslie's Autobiographical Recol- lections (London, 1860). LESLLE, Fbank (1821-80). The name as- sumed by Henry Carter, an American publisher and journalist, born in Ipswich, England. Son of a glove manufacturer, educated in Ipswich, trained to commerce in London, he showed a natural bent for art, and contributed sketches to the Illustrated London yeas, signing them Frank Leslie. These were so cordially welcomed that he gave up commerce and was made superin- tendent of engraving on that journal. He made himself an expert and inventor in his new work, and in 1848 came to the United States, and in 1854 began publishing the first of his many illus- trated journalistic ventures, The (iazette of Fashion. The Sew York Journal soon followed with Frank Leslie's Illustrated yeuspaper (1855) (now Leslie's Weekly), The Boy's and Girl's Weekly. The Budget of Fun, and many others. He was commissioner to the Paris Ex- position of 1867. and received a prize there for his artistic services. His wife, Miriam Flor- ence ( Folline ) , a French Creole of Louisiana, on his death took, by legislative act, the name "Frank Leslie," and for some years conducted the business with conspicuous success. LESLIE, George DuXLOP (1835—). An Eng- lish landscape and genre painter, born in Lon- don. He was the pupil of his father. R. C. Leslie, studied at the Royal Academy, and began to exhibit in 1857. He was made an R.A. in 1876. The setting of his dainty pictures is usually the soft English country scenery, and his color is light and delicate. His works include: "School Revisited" (1875); "Pot Pourri" (1874); "Con- vent Garden;" "Hen and Chickens;" and "This is the Way We Wash Our Clothes." His publi- cations include: Our Rirer (1881) ; Letters to Marco (1894); Riverside Letters (1894); and The Wi.-ihing Well (1901). LESLIE, Henbt David (1822-96). An Eng- lish composer and conductor, born in London. He studied music with Charles Lucas, became honorary secretary of the Amateur Musical So- ciety in 1847, and sen-ed as its conductor from 18,53 to its dissolution in 1861. In 1855 he founded the Henry Leslie's Choir, and was its conductor until 1880, when it disbanded. In 1878 it had won the first prize at the Paris International Competition, and in 1882 the society reorganized, only to again break up five years later. In addition, Leslie for a time conducted the Herefordshire Philharmonic Society and the Guild of Amateur Musicians. His compositions, especially the sacred ones, are of considerable merit, and include the operas, Romance, or Bold Dick Turpin (1857). Ida (1864) ; the oratorios, Immanurl (1853). .ludith (1858) ; the cantatas, Boh/rood (1860). Daughter of the Isles (1861) ; a Te Deum and Jubilate in B (1846), etc. He died in Wales. LESLIE, Sir .Toiix (1766-1832). A British natural philosopher and mathematician. He was born in Largo, Fife, and was educated at Saint Andrews University. In 1785 he entered the Edinburgh Divinity Hall, but devoted much of his time to the sciences, particularly chemistry. Vol. xn.— 11 In 1788 he left Edinburgh, having given up all idea of following the Church, and after being two years in America as tutor to the sons of a Virginia planter, he returned to London in 1790. From that time till 1805 he was employed in private teaching, traveling, writing, and making experimental researches. His most important work during this period was a translation of Buffon's Xatural History of Birds (1793), the invention of a diflferential thermometer, a hy- grometer, and a photometer, and the publication of an Experimental Inquiry Into the Xature and Propagation of Heat (1804), in which were con- tained his discoveries in the radiation of heat. For this research he became noted, and the Royal Society awarded him the Rumford medals. In March, 1805, after much opposition from the Edinburgh clergy, he was elected professor of mathematics in the University of Edinburgh, and soon after commenced the publication of his Course of Mathematics. In 1810 Le.slie invented the process of producing cold artificially and froze water by using an air-pump and sulphuric acid. (See Liquefactiox of Ga.ses.) In 1813 he published a full explanation of his views on the subject ; subsequently he discovered a method of freezing mercury. In 1819 he was transferred to the chair of natural philosophy, a position better adapted to his peculiar genius, and in 1823 published one volume of Elements of Nat- ural Philosophy, never completed. In 1832 he was knighted, and on November 3d of the same year died at Coates, a small estate which he had purchased near Largo. Besides •the instru- ments above mentioned, he invented an aethrio- scope, a pyroscope, and an atmometer. LESLIE, T110MA.S Edward Cliffe (1827-82). An Irish economist, born in County Wexford. He was educated at Trinity College. Dublin, and was called to the English bar. but did not prac- tice, as he was elected professor of jurispru- dence and political economy at Queen's College, Belfast. A pupil of Maine, he put great stress on the historical study of economics and juris- prudence and specialized in the stud}- of land- ownership. His Land t'^ystem and Industrial Economy of Ireland, England, and Continental Countries (1870) includes a discussion of the conditions in Belgium and France, and insists on the economic superiority of small holdings to the landlord system. A serious loss of manuscript blocked Leslie's scheme for a history" of English economics, but he wrote valuable contributions to the gold question and economic method in Essays in Political and Moral Philosophy (1879). L'ESPINASSE, or LESPINASSE, la'pS'- nas', Jui.iE .Ieaxxe Eleonore de (17.'52-76). A French writer of remarkable Letters and a social leader, bom at Lyons. She was the illegitimate daughter of the Countess of Albon. From 1754 to 1764 she lived as companion with the blind Madame du Deffand (q.v.1. and presided with her over a fashionable literary salon. They then separated, not amicably, and with the aid of lit- erary friends, especially D'Alembert, with whom L'Espinasse maintained till her death a close though platonic relation, she set up a rival salon as a centre for the younger philosophic school. It was two years after this independent life be- gan, and wlien L'Espinasse was already thirty- four, that she began to write the letters which have made her famous. The early ones are ad- dressed to a Spaniard, Marquis (Jonsalvo de
