LAUSANNE. 16 theatre, the new post-ollicc, the cantonal bank, and the university are also notable buihlings. The educational institutions of Lausanne are numerous and excellent. The university, foumlcd in 15;i(> as an academy for Protestant ministers, and constituted a university in 18111. has five faculties and an attendance of about 000 students. There are schools for instruction in agriculture and viticulture, and numerous boardiiig-scliools patronized by foreigners. The cantonal library has nearly 125,000 volumes. The cantonal mu- seum contains natural history collections, relics from ancient Lausanne, remains from lake dwell- ings, coins, medals, etc. The charitable institu- tions include a noted blind asylum and a splen- did insane a.sylum. The manufactures consist chiefly of machinery, tobacco, and chocolate. There is some trade in grain and hnnljer, and in the wines of the vicinity. The port of Lausanne js the adjoining town of Ouchy. Lausanne is a favorite place of sojourn for English and Germans, and has been the residence of manv distinguished persons. Population, in 1818, 34.04!!; in 1000. 47.444. The inhabitants are mostly Protestants, and speak French. Lau- sanne was probably founded at the beginning of the si.xth century. It became the scat of a bishopric in 5!t0. It remained under the rule of its bishops (who attained princely rank in 1125) until the introduction of the Reformation in 1536, when it came under the control of Hern. In 1803 it was made the capital of the newly created Canton of Vaud. LAUSER, lou'zer, WiLHELM (1836-1002). A ticiMiaii historian and essayist, born at Stutt- gart. He studied at Tiiblngen and Heidelberg, and spent five years in Paris as a journalist. He edited various papers, and in 1890 became editor of the Perlin Xorddeiitsche Allficmeinc Zeitung. His published works include: Aus Spanicns Gegcnifart (1872); flcschichtc Spati- irns ron dcm fftiirz Isahdins hi> zur Thronhe- steigung Alfonsofi A'//. (1878) ; Unter der Pariser Kommune (1878); Kunai in Ocstcrreich-Ungani (1884) ; and Dcr crsic f!ckeh)irnroman (1889). LAUSSEDAT, lAs'da', Anifi (I8I9— ). A French geodesist and astronomer. He was born at Moulins, and studied at the Polytechnique (1840), in which, after active service in the engineers, he became professor of geodesy and astronomy (1851). I'nurtcen years afterwards he was appointed professor of applied geometry at the Conservatoire dcs Arts et Metiers, and in 1881 was appointed director of that institu- tion. The adoption of Paris time for all France by the law of 1801 was largely due to Lausse- dat's endeavors; and he was elected president of the commission on aerial transportation. He is known for his improvements in geodetic pho- tography and astronomical instruments. liATJSITZ, lou'zits. A district in Germany. See Lis.vTi.v. LAUTERBKT7NNEN, lou'terbrun-nrn. A village and tourist resort in the Canton of Bern, Switzerland. 6'^ miles southeast of Interlaken. Population, in 1000. 2547. It is built on both sides of the White Liitschine. in a deep rocky valley, noted for its picturesque scenery; moun- tain views, including the .Tungfrau and the Breit- horn ; its numerous streams (whence its name, signifying 'nothing but springs') and cascades; LAUZTJN. of which the Staubbacli and Trummelbach are the most celebrated. LAXITREC, hVtrek'. OiiF.T I)E Foix. Seigneur dc ( 1-185- )52S). A French marshal. He was the son of .lean de Foix, and the brother of Fran- i.oise de Ch;"iteaul)riant, the celebrated mistress of Francis 1. All his life a soldier, he fought under his cousin, (iaston de Foix, at Ravenna (1512) ; was present at Marignano: took the Constable de Bourbon's place as tJovcrnor of Milan; was de- feated by- Prospero Colonna at La Bieocca ( 1515- 22), and five years afterwards, as eomman<ler of the army in Xorthern Italy, reestablislied the French dominion there. He died of the plague during the siege of Naples. Brantome calls him one of tlie great French captains. LATJZON, 16'zon', Armand Louis de Gon- T,i T-HiuoN. Duke de (1747-93). A French sol- dier, born in Paris. After a youth of furious dissipation, he led in 1779 a successful expedition against the English in Senegal and Ganiliia, and in 1780 came to .merica, where he fought at Vorklown. In 1788 he succeeded to the title of Pid<e de Biron. and was a Deputy to the States- General, and the supposed agent of the Dtike of Orleans. He was Commander-in-Chief of the Army of the Rhine in 1702. and of the Army of La Rochelle in 1703. After taking Saumur and defeating the Vendeans at Parthenay. he resigned owing to machinations carried on against him by his subordinates. Accused before the Committee of Public .Safety of having been too lenient in his treatment of the Vendeans, he was impris- oned, tried before the Revolutionary Tril)nnai for conspiracy, condemned December 31, 1793, and cxeciti'il the same day. LAUZON, .Jeax de (1582-1666). French Governor of Canada. He early became in- terested in New France, and was made i)resi- dent of the Hundred Associates, a company or- ganized to further the settlement of the French dominions in America. He directed most of his energies to securing inunense grants of territory for himself and for members of his immediate family, and in this way he procured for his son a tract of land extending for sixty leagues along the Saint Lawrence with the exclusive right of fishing in that river, while for himself he secured (he island of Montreal, which he afterwards sold to the .Jesuits. In 1051 he became Governor iif New France. His administration of five years was weak and vacillating in policy. In 1050. shortly before the end of his second term. he returned to France, leaving the government in the hands of his son, de Charney. who soon followed his father's example, leaving a second substitute to direct the fortunes of New France. LAXTZITN, I6'zux'. Antoine Nompar de Cai - MOXT. Duke de (1033-1723). A French soldier, born in Gascony. He came to Court about 1069, ^ and won the favor of the young Louis XIV. by his energy, shrewdness, and a certain swashbuck- ling carriage that difTered favorably from the common courtier's demeanor. The King Tuade him captain of the musketeers, Governor of Ber- ry, and marechal-de-camp. and promised him the mastership of the ordnance. The favorite's over- bearing conduct brought him a term in the Bas- tille, but he was soon released and mollified with the command of the army in Flanders (1071). Louis intended to marry Lauzun to Mile, de Montpensier, La Grande Mademoiselle, grand-
