LILIENCEON. 269 LILLE. his realistic and drauialic iiariative; but, on the other hand, there is no little affectation of man- ner. His themes are frequently erotic. His chief poetic titles are Adjutantetvritte (1884; 3d ed. 1899); Gedichte (1889); JTeue Gedichte (1893); and ebel und Honne (1900; 3d ed. 1902); as well as selections for children (10th od. 1901). Consult the sketches by Bierbaum I Leipzig, 1892), and by Oppenheimer (Berlin, 1898) . LILIENCRON, RoCHUS, Baron (1820—). A German author, born at Pliin, Holstein. He studied theology, jurisprudence, and philology at Kiel, Berlin, and Copenhagen. In 1847 he be- came privat-docent at Bonn. After holding va- rious Government positions he became in 1850 professor at Kiel, and in 18.52 was appointed to the chair of Gierman language and literature at the University of Jena. While there he pub- lished, with V. Stade. Lieder und Spriiche aiis der letzten Zeit des ilinnesaugs (ISoi) . In 1858, under the direction of the Historical Commis- sion of Munich, he began the collection of folk- songs, which culminated in his Bistorische Yolks- lieder der DFiiischcit vom 13.-1(1. Jahrhuiidert (4 vols.. 1865-69). The same commission also charged him with the editing of the Allgemeine deutsche Biographie. In 1809 he was made a foreign member in ordinary of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences, and settled in Munich, re- moving in 1879 to Schleswig. LI'LITH (Heb., night monster, night fairy; connected probably with layil. At. lail, night). A female demon mentioned in the Old Testament. The word occurs in Isaiah (xxxiv. 14), and is translated in the English versions by 'screech- owl' or 'night monster'; it is, however, to be re- garded strictly as a proper name, probably Baby- lonian in its origin, since in the incantation rituals of the Baylonians the demon Lilu and a female consort Lilitu occur, and are pictured as sprites that plague men particularly during the night. The Jewish Rabbinical writings contain many fables about Lilith. She is there regarded as a beautiful woman, the first wife of Adam; she became a demon, however, and Eve was given to Adam in her place. Lilith was believed espe- cially hostile to children, and amulets were worn to ward off her pernicious influence. LILIU0KALA3TI, le'IA oo'O-ka-lii'ne. Lydi. Kamekeh. ( 1838 — ) . Queen of the Hawaiian Islands, sister of King Kalakaua. whom she succeeded in 1891. She married John O. Dominis, a native of Boston, who became Gov- ernor of Oahu, and through his influence she was at first favorably inclined to American interests. She was appointed Regent during King Kala- kaua's last visit to the United States, and at his death succeeded him on the throne. Unfortunate- ly, her husband died soon afterwards, and the Queen allowed herself to be influenced by un- worthy counselors. She secured the passage of bills authorizing the importation of opium and the establishment of the Louisiana lottery, and endeavored to substitute a reactionary Constitu- tion for the liberal one of 18S7. This last meas- ure aroused the white population of the islands, who would have been disfranchised imder the proposed constitution, and on January 30. 1803. they deposed her and set up a provisional 2ov- emment which soon became a Republic, with San- ford B. Dole (q.v.) at its head. The new Govern- ment immediately souglit to secure the annexa* tion of the islands to the United States, but President Cleveland opposed this policy, and on the ground that United States forces had been used to dethrone the Queen, demanded that the republican Government restore her to power. This Dole and his advisers refused to do, and after a show of force, President Cleveland was compelled to acquiesce. The ex-Queen visited the United States in order to plead her cause, and then retired to her private estate in Hono- lulu. See Hawahan Islands. LILLE, 161 (Flem. Rysscl). The capital of the Department of Xord, France, a first-class fortress, and one of the principal manufacturing centre.s of the Republic (ilap: France, K 1). It is situated in a level di-strict on the navigable Deule, about 7 miles from the Belgian frontier, and 155 miles by rail north-northeast of Paris. Its fortifications, rebuilt almost entirely during the nineteenth century, consist of an extensive enceinte with numerous forts, and the pentagonal citadel at the northwestern end of the to«Ti, de- signed by Vauban. Lille is practically a modern town, the portion south of the Boulevard de la Liberte (formerly the southern limit of the for- tifications, and now lae centre of the town I hav- ing been annexed at the reconstruction of the for- tifications in 1858 66. It is well laid out, and has fine .squares, aven'ies, and boulevards, which are traversed by a number of street railways. There are few ancient building? of note; the principal churches are those of Saint Catharine, built d>ir- ing the fifteenth, sixteenth and eighteenth cen- turies, and containing a painting by Rubens, "The Martyrdom of Saint Catharine." La Made- leine, and Saint Andrew, with paintings by Flem- ish masters. The Church of Notre Dame de la Treille, a grand edifice in the style of the thir- teenth century begun in 1855, is still incomplete. The secular edifices include the Bourse, dating from 1652, with a court surrounded by arcades and containing a bronze statue of Xapoleon I. bv Lcmaire; the modern town hall (1847-59), with the communal library and a museum of engravings ; and the prefectural building. The Palais des Beaux-Arts, opened in 1892, has one of the largest collections of paintings to be found in a provincial town in France, containing many canvases by Flemish, French, and Italian mas- ters; a collection of about 1500 drawings, chiefly by the Italian masters, collected by the painter Vicar, a native of Lille; collections of antiquities, sculptures, medals, and coins, and the noted ethnographical collection of Moillet. Lille is well provided with educational institutions. The chief of them are the State University, founded in 1808. with four faculties, an attendance of about 1150. and a library of over 70.000 volumes; the free Catholic University, with five faculties and an attendance of 550; a technical high school : a Ivcec, an art school, a conservatory of music, a theatre, botanical and zoological gardens, and several scientific associations. The communal library contains 100.000 volumes, nearly 1300 manuscripts, including about 200 incunabula. Lille has long been noted for its industrial activ- ity, especiallv in the textile industr>-. It is ftill of manufacturing establishments for the production of linen, velvet, ribbons, knit ware. etc.. which form its chief products. There are also mnmifac- tured machinery, various instruments, chemicals, soap, susar, trimmed lumber, tobacco, oil, etc
