McALL. 591 MACAO. fiuui the crowd: "It any one will come aniong us teaching a religion, not o£ hierarchy and superstition, but of reality, and earnestness and liberty, very many of us are ready to listen." The McAlls accepted the invitation, and six months afterwards (January, 187:i) they opened the Mission Populaire Kvangelique de France in a small room in the Rue .1 alien Lacroix. Belle- ville, the localitj- in which the priests had been murdered during the Reign of Terror. The rest of his life Mr. McAll devoted to the interests of the mission. For his success in promoting pub- lie morality and education in France he was decorated with the cross of the Legion of Honor in 1S!)"2. He was an accomplished musician, and with his wife prepared a French Protestant hymn book. See McAii Mission. McAL 'LISTER, Fokt. See Fort ilcALLis- TEB. McAllister, waed {c.183o-95). An American society leader. He was born in Savan- nah, Ga., where his family had long been promi- nent in legal circles, and in 18.50 accompanied his father to California. Two years later he re- turned to the East and made his home at New- port and later in "Xew York City. Through his mother and his wife he was connected with many prominent Eastern families, and as he had by his marriage secured a comfortable fortune, he devoted himself to social life. In this he succeeded so well that in time he be- came the most conspicuous leader of Xew York society. He was a famous gourmet and a de- lightful story-teller, but w-ould probably never have become known outside of his own limited circle had it not been for his chance remark tliat Xew York's 'smart' society comprised only 400 persons, which was widely copied in the newspapers and was the origin of the term 'The Four Hundred.' His contributions to the press and his book, Society as I Have Found It ( 1890) , did much to undermine his social influence. McALL mission. An undenominational Protestant organization for religious work among the laboring people of France, where it is known as the Mission Populaire Evangclique de France. It was founded in 1872 by the Rev. R. W. McAll (q.v.) and his wife, with the full sympathy of the pastors of the Protestant churches" of Paris. The first station was opened in .January, 1872, in Belleville, one of the artisan districts of Paris. The work grew rapidly, spreading through France and into Corsica. Al- geria, and Tunis. Xo attempt is made to found churches; the meetings are held in halls. Con- verts are directed to seek membershiji in tho nearest church of their choice, the pastors of these churches giving much aid in the work of the halls. In three cases, however, churches have been founded in the halls, in two instances by the Reformed Church and in one by the Free Church of France. In addition to evangelizing work some educational and other institutional work is done in certain of the larger cities, but the w^ork is maintained strictly on religious rat'ner than benevolent lines. In 1002 there w-ere 75 halls in Paris, the departments, and Corsica, with nearly 9000 sittings, and a total of 16,999 religious meetings, a large distribution of tracts, and nearly 25,000 domiciliary visits in the year. There are also two mission boats with nearly 300 sittings plying in the inland waterways of France. Several of the mis.-ion halls are worked in co- operation with one or another of the French home missionary societies. There has been a diminution in the number of stations since 1891. The budget in 1!)02 was .$U8,302, contributed by friends in Great Britain, France, Alsace, Switzerland, Holland, Sweden, South Africa, Canada, and the United Slates. The American McAll Association was founded in 1883 in Phila- delphia for the purpo.se of collecting and for- warding funds for the support of the mission, and it contributes nearly one-half the support of the work. It now embraces si.xty-six au.iliarics in different cities. There is an assoei.ation in Canada with ten au.xiliaries and there are twen- ty-two au.xiliaries in Great Britain and the Channel Isles. McAL'PINE, Wiijjam Jarvis (1812-90). An American civil engineer. He was born in New York, and after completing his education began engineering and later directed the eastern division of the Erie Canal enlargement until 1840, when he was chosen to construct the dry- dock at the Brooklyn Xavy Y'ard. In 1852 he was elected State Engineer of Xew Y'ork, and in 1854-56 State Railroad Commissioner. Subse- quently he was for two years engineer and act- ing president of the Erie Railroad, and con- structed the water-works of Chicago and Albany. In 1870 he presented plans which were accepted by the Austrian Government for the improvement of the cataracts of the Danube. MACAO, mil-kou' (In Chinese Xgao-mun; probably derived from A-ma-nijao, the bight or inlet of the goddess Ama). A Portuguese settle- ment near the western entrance to the Canton River, China. 40 miles west of the British colony of Hong Kong: latitiide 22° 11' N., longitude 113' 33' E. (Map: China. D 7). It occupies a small peninsula, formerly an ishmd but now connected by a narrow spit or neck of land, formed l)v the action of the tides, with the island and prefec- ture of Hiangshan, on the north; area four square miles; ])0|)ulation, in 1896. 78,627. of whom 389S were Portuguese, and 74,568 Chinese. The town is built on an irregular tableland, which occupies the central and narrower part of the peninsula and connects several rugged, rapid- ly disintegrating granite hills from 200 to 500 feet high on the south, with a few somewhat lower hills on the north, where the land slopes awav into an alluvial plain about half a mile wide. Still further north this rapidly narrows into the spit of land already mentioned, across which a barrier was erected by the Chinese in 1573. The place is defended by numerous little- needed forts erected in the seventeenth and eigh- teenth centuries. Within the walls of one of them — Fort Guia — was erected in 1865 the first lighthouse on the China coast. It has a tower 333 feet above the sea. Macao possesses a cathedral, many churches, a theatre, several hospitals, and charitable insti- tutions, but no buildings of special importance or architectural beauty, the most striking object being the facade of the ancient Collegiate Church erected bv the .Jesuits in 1594. converted into barracks on the expulsion of the .Tesuits in 1759, and almost totally destroyed by fire in 183.5. Macao is well situated for trade and flourished until the opening of Hong Kong as a free port. but the increasing shallowness of its inner harbor (formed on the west by the large island of
