MALLAKD. 745 MALLET. jects, he wrote an important Tiaite de cristallo- graphie geometrique et physique (1ST9-84) ; and produced a Carte geologique du departement de III Uiiutr-Vienne. MALLAKME, ma'lar'ma', St^phane (1842- 98 ) . A svmbolistic French poet, bom in Paris. He was professor of English in the Lycee Fontanes. More than Paul Verlaine (q.v.), Mal- larme led the Symbolistic School of poetry. In 1876 he aroused attention vitli L'apris-midi d'un faune, illustrated by the painter Manet. In 1878 appeared his Petite mythologie d Vusage des classes et du monde. In 1880 he publislied Les dieux antiques: nouvelle mythologie, and Beckford's Yuthek, with a preface; in 1886, a translation of Poe's Raven: in 1887, Poesies. His rendering of Poe's Poems appeared in 1888; Vers et prose in 1893. Some readers find beautj' in Mallarme, but to most readers his prose and his verse seem willfully obscure. Almost from the outset his poetic efforts were the talk of literary Paris. Some critics regarded him as an unusual phenomenon and tried to explain him. In 1893 Lanson expressed the widespread opinion that Mallarme was a poet of very slight value. Gas- ton Paris benevolently remarked that Mallarme was worthy of study. By the small set of De- cadents and by their admirers he was heralded as a writer of the highest order, but he had few readers, and his notoriety soon began to wane. About Mallarme cluster a score or so of Sym- bolists. The best known are Henri de Regnier, Jean Mor^as, Emile Verhaeren, Fleming, Gustave Kahn. and finally Maeterlinck (q.v.). Consult Gosse, QuextioHS at Issue (New York, 1893). MALLEABILITY (from malleahle, Ft. miillriihlr. from ML. malleare, to beat with a hammer, from Lat. malleus, hammer). The prop- erty which certain metals possess of being re- ducible to thin leaves, either by hammering or by lamination between rollers. The order in which the malleable metals exhibit this property is as follows: gold, silver, copper, platinum, palla- dium, iron, aluminum, tin, zinc. lead, cadmium, nickel, cobalt. Gold far surpasses all the other metals in malleability, being capable of reduction into films not exceeding the' 200,000th of an inch in thickness ; silver and copper also may be re- duced to leaves of great tenuity. Although gold and silver also present the property of ductility ( q. V. ) in the highest degree, there is no constant relation between the two properties; for example, iron, although it may be reduced to extremely thin wire, is not nearly so malleable as gold, silver, or copper. MALLECO, nia-lya'ko. A province of Chile, bounded Viy Argentina on the east, the provinces of Cautin on the south, Bio-Bio on the north, and .rauco on the west. Its area is 28.57 square miles. It is mountainous in the eastern and western parts and is well wooded. Timber and wheat are the chief products. The province is traversed bv two railway lines and had a popu- lation of 98.322 in 1890. as against .59.492 in 1885. A considerable portion of the population consists of Araucanian Indians. The capital is Angol (q.v.). MALTLERY, Gabbick (1831-94). An Ameri- can ethnologist and soldier, born at Wilkesbarre, Pa. He graduated at Yale in 1850. and practiced law in Philadelphia until the outbreak of the Civil War, when he enlisted in the Federal Army, in which he rose to tlie brevet rank of lieuten- ant-colonel. On the conclusion of peace he took charge of the Signal Service Bureau, but in 1876 received a position in the Bureau of Ethnology. Among his publications are: The Former and Present Xumber of Our Indians (1877) ; A Cal- endar of the Dakota Xation (1877); Introduc- tion to the Study of the Sign Language Among the Xorth American Indians (1880); Israelite and India : A Parallel in Planes of Culture (1889); and Picture Writing of the American Indians (1893). MAL'LESON, George Bbuce (1825-98). An English author, born in London, May 8, 1825. He was educated at Winchester College, and served thirty-five years in India, ten of which were in the army and the rest in Govern- ment positions. He was sanitary commis- sioner to the Government of India ( 1866- 68), comptroller-general of military finances (1869), and the guardian of the ilahara- jah of Mysore (1869-77). He obtained the rank of colonel in 1873. He died March 1, 1898. Malleson wrote many books, dealing most- ly with India, of which the best is The French in India (1868), and the longest is The History of the Indian Mutiny (1878-80), a continua- tion of Sir .John Kaye's History of the Sepoy War. Among his other works are: Recreations of an Indian Official ( 1872 ) ; Final French Strug- gles in India (1878); History of Afghanistan (1879); The Founders of the Indian Empire (1882); biographies of Akbar (1890), Dupleix (1890), Clive (1882), Hastings (1894), Wel- lesley (1889); The Refounding of the German Empire (1893) ; and Lakes and Rivers of Aus- tria, Bavaria, and Hungary (1897). MAI/LET (originally MALLOCH), David (c. 1705-65). A Scotch writer and poet, born near Crieff ( Perthshire ) . He studied at Edinburgh University, and afterwards lived principally in London, where for some time he was one of the secretaries of the Prince of Wales. He changed his name to Mallet when he went to live in England. He was at first a friend and admirer of Pope, but to please his patron. Bolingbroke. he attacked Pope's memory in a preface lie wrote for Bolingbroke's Patriot King (1749). !Mallet again sold his pen during the popular indignation against Admiral Byng in 1757. His works in- clude: William and Margaret (1724); The Ex- cursion. (1728); Verbal Criticism (17.33); Amyntor and Theodora, or the Hermit (1747), poems ; and some mediocre plays. He also pub- lished two volumes of Poems on Several Occa- sions (1743 and 1762). An edition of his works appeared in 1759. MALLET, John William (18.32—). An American chemist, son of the physicist Eobert Mallet. He was born at Dublin ; was educated there at Trinity College, and at Gfittingen; and in 1853 came to the United States to become chemist of the Geological Survey of Alabama. He was professor of chemistry in the State University (1856-60). and in the State Medical College until the Civil War. Mallet served on General Rodes's staff and as manager and direc- tor of the ordnance laboratories of the Confed- erate .States. After the war he was professor of chemistry at the University of Louisiana until 1868, when he went to the University of Vir- ginia. With his father, he prepared for the
