MAN WHO LAUGHS. 29 MANZONI. MAN" WHO LAUGHS, The. See Homme QUI KIT, I.'. MAN WITHOUT A COUNTRY, The. A story liy Kdwanl Kvciptt Hak-. jmblished anony- moi>iy' ill the Atluiitio .yuiilhly (1S63). Philip Xolau, a young army officer, became involved in Aaron Burr"s treason, and in his disgrace he publicly cursed the United States. He was sen- tenced never to hear his country's name again, and until he died, repentant, was transferred from one United States ship on foreign service to another, so that he never saw his own land. MANX CAT. See Domestic Cuts, under C.T. MANX LITERATURE. The Celtic dialect still spoken on the Isle of Man is closely related to Irish and Scotch Gaelic, standing nearer on the whole to the latter. (See Celtic Lan- guages.) Unlike both of them, Manx has aban- doned the traditional Gaelic orthography and modeled its spelling rather upon English, ilanx literature, so far as preserved, is scantj* and con- fined to the modern period. The principal monu- ments are the translations of the Book of Com- mon Prayer and of the Bible. The former was first published in 1765; the latter in 1771-75. But an older mauuscrijit version of the Prayer- book, completed by Bishop Phillips in 1610, has been recently printed by .John P>hys and A. W. Moore (Douglas, 1894). Moore has also pub- lished several books dealing with the history and popular traditions of the Isle of Man. Bibliography. A general account of Manx remains was given by H. Jenner in the Tran-^- actions of the London Phitologicul Hociety for lS7o. Kelly's Practical Grammar of Manx and Manx Dictionary have both been published by the Manx Society. Professor Rhys contributed an investigation on the Outlines of Manx Phonology to the edition of Bishop Phillips's Book of Com- mon Prayer (Douglas, 1894). The following publications of A. V. Moore are all of value: The /•Surnames and Place Names of the Isle of Man. (London, 1890) : The Folk-Lore of the Isle of Man (Douglas, 1891); Manx Carols (Doug- las, 1891) ; and A History of the Isle of Man (London, 1900). MAN-YOSHU, man'y6-shoo' (Japanese, Col- lection of a Thousand Leaves). The most ancient antliolog^' in the Japanese language. It was formed in the eighth century a.d.. being one of the first books written in Japan. It retains the highest place in the estimation of Japanese crit- ics, and a whole literature has gathei-ed around it. To the foreign student its chief value is in its facts and allusions, which make it a prime source for the study of ancient Japanese history and sociolog-. MANZANARES, miin'th.a-na'ras. A town in the Province of Ciudad Real, Spain, situated 98 miles south of JIadrid. in a vast and arid plateau known as La JIancha, 1882 feet above the sea- level (Map: Spain, D ."!). The town is well built, and contains a modern church of Gothic architecture and an ancient castle surrounded by ;i. moat. The country around is flat, requiring irrigation to render the soil productive. The climate is healthful and delightful: the chief in- dustry is the raising of saffron and making Val- de-Penas wine. There are manufactures of cloth, soap, and brandy. Population, in 1900, 11,181. MANZANILLO, mitn'sa-ne'lyo. A seaport and port of entry of Cuba, in the Province of San- tiago de Cuba (Map: Cuba, J 0). It is situated on the western coast of the province, at the head of the Gulf of (;uaeanabo,in a low and unhealthful region surrounded by mangrove swamps. Though not very attractive in appearance, it is regularly built, with straight and wide streets crossing at right angles. It has four high schools, several hospitals, and a good market. The roadstead, protected by the Keys of Manzanillo, forms a capacious harbor. The city serves as tlie port of Baj'amo. and is the outlet for the products of the fertile Canto Valley, the chief of which are sugar, tobacco, and lumber. Population, in 1899, 14,464: of the municipal district, 32,288. MANZANILLO (Puerto de 'Colima) . A sea- port of the State of Colima, Mexico, situated on the Pacific coast at the entrance to the lagoon of Cuyutlan (Map: Mexico, G 8). A railroad connects the town with Colima. the capital of the State, 40 miles inland. Population, 4000. MANZANITA, man'za-ne'ta. A California shrub. See Arctostaphylos and Plate of Cali- fornia Shrubs. MANZONI, man-zo'ne, Alessandro (1785- lS7.'ii. An Italian poet and novelist, born at Milan, March 7, 1785. Having completed hia early training at Milan and Pavia, he accom- panied his mother to Paris in 1805, and with her he frequented some of the most fashionable sa- lons, especially those in which the enc}'clopiEdic and rationalistic ideas of the preceding century still retained a hold. But the skeptical opinions that this Parisian sojourn gave him were not to last. His acquaintance with the French scholar Fauriel began at this time and greatly influenced his later artistic development. Back in Milan in 1808. he married Enrichetta Blondel, a follower of the Reformed religion. The couple went to Paris, and there in 1810 the marriage was resolemnized according to the rites of the Catholic faith, which the wife embraced and which Manzoni practiced from this time on with sincere ardor. After 1810 he made his home in the region of Milan. He was on terms of close friendship with such writers as Massimo d'Azeglio, who married his daughter, Tommaso Grossi, the nov- elist, and Berchet. Although an avowed patriot, he played no very public part in the struggles for political independence, so that he was in- cluded in no proscription. He became a Senator in 1860. He died May 22, 1873. During his youthful period ilanzoni produced poems after the manner of the school of classicists, reflecting his earlier skeptical feelings, e.g. the Trionfo delta liberta. obviously written imder the in- fluence of Monti : a composition in blank verse entitled In morte di Carlo Imbonati. and the Urania. The period between 1816 and 1825 was his most active one in the production of works in both prose and verse. To it belong the Inni sacri. which are full of exalted religious senti- ment, one or two political canzoni. and the poem that made him really famous, the Cinque maygio, an ode on the death of Napoleon (1821). Of this same period are his dramatic compositions with which he hoped to inaugurate a reform in the Italian theatre. They are the Contc di Car- maqnola and the Adelchi. the former published in 1820 and the latter in 1822 (at Milan). Admir- able as literary performances, they are not adaptable to scenic production, and neither was well received at home, although Goethe warmly
