MEYEBBEEB. 424 MEYEE-LUBKE. in Paris lie went to Venice (1815), and at- tempted to duplicate Kossini's success, with a series of operas in the Italian vein: Iloniilda e Coslanza (1815); ticmircniiide ricuiiunciiila (1819) ; Emma di Ueshuryo (1819) ; Manjlicrila d'.litgiii ( 1820) ; L'esulc di (iiamila ( 182:; ) ; and II crocialo in Egitto (1824), which latter made a tremendous success. In none nf these operas is there the faintest trace of his German training. An attempt to win German favor with tlie last- named opera proved a failure, as did a similar attempt in Paris. From 1820 to 1831 little was heard of him publicly, but apparently the time was not wasted. According to JlencUd he was devoting himself to the study of the French style, anil particularly French opera. His father's death and the subsciiucnt death of two of his children wei<;hed upon him. for he was a man of strong family attaehments. He resolved to expatriate himself from Germany, and at the same time to desert the Italian for the French style of composition. Uohcrt le Diablc (1831) and Les Huguenots (1830) were the first fruits of his French studies; operas so intinately de- scriptive of French history and customs as to appeal irresistibly to the French public. Their success was immediate: so much so that, despite the determined op])osition of the German clas- sicists. Robert le niahlc, Lcs Hufiuriiots, Le Prophi'tc, and Dinorah were all successfully given in Germany. His success in both France and Germany caused the Prussian Government to invite him to Berlin, where, in 1812. he was made Royal Jhisic Director. Although not a great orchestral leader, he nevertheless accom- plished important results during his stay in Ber- lin. Dan Feldlarjer in Schlesien belongs to this period and had moderate success, as did fftruen- see, a scarcely known work, hut one which is con- sidered to contain his best writing. In 1840 lie returned to Paris, where Lc Prophete was per- formed with remarkable success. He regarded L'Africaine, on which he had worked on an<l off for over thirty .years, as his best w ink : but Ifohcrl lc Diable. and above all Lea Iliifiurnots, have by their continued po]mlarity proved the verdict to be in their favor. He was greatly in- strumental in developing many famous singers, notably l.ucca (q.v.). ;iiiil in a measure .leniiy Lind. To the poor and needy he was especially generous, the iletiertiver-Hliftunii in Berlin and many similar bequests bearing ample testimony to the fact. As a composer he belongs to the world's great masters, notwithstanding the feeble- ness and trivial character nf much of his music. Impartial criticism is in agreement with those of his detractors who claimed that his faults were due to his insatiate craving for pojnilarity. He died in Paris. Consult : Pe Bury, Mrjicrhcrr. .so vie, ses wuvres et son temps (Paris, 1805) ; Mendel, Qiacomo Mei/erbcer. eine liiofjraphie (Berlin, 1808) ; Pougin, Mei/erberr (Paris, 1804) ; De Lasalle. Mriierheer. sn ric rl le ealii- lofiue (Ir ses iruvres (Paris. 1804). MEYEEHEIM, nii'erhlm. FRiKimirii Enu- Ani) (IH08-7'.M. . German genre painter. He was born at Danzig. .Tanuary 7. ISOS. He re- received his first instruction from his father, and then studied at the Berlin .eademy. His sub- jects were the peasants of the Harz Mountains ami Thuringia. He lx;eame a member nf the Ber- lin Academy in 1838 and professor in 1850. Among his works are: "Altenburgers in the Field" (1838); "The Champion Shot" (1830), ■Tid-Bit" (1852), both in the National Gallery, Berlin; "Domestic Happiness" (1847), "Going to t'liureh." and "Good Jlorning, Dear Father!" (18.")8). all in the Raven^ Gallery, Berlin. MEYEBHEIM,. P.VUL (1842—). A German painter, burn in Berlin, son and pupil of Fried- rich Kiluard Meyerheim. He also studied at the Berlin Academy, and traveled and studied in (iermany, the Tyrol, and the Xelherlauds, final- ly spending a year in Paris, whence he returned to Berlin, impressed with the brilliant color schemes of the French painters and matured in technical skill. Although he won distinction in genre, landscape, and portraiture, and as a deco- rative artist, his fame rests ehiellv on bis master- ly rendering of the animal world, the incompara- ble humor(Jiis delineations of the monkey race, portrayed as sliarers in the tragicomedy of hu- man life, constituting his most popular success. Even the following limited selection from a long series of sterling productions may convey an idea of his versatility: "An Amsterdam Antiquary" (1809), "ilenagerie" (1885), both in the Nation- al Gallery, Berlin, the staircase of which he adorncil with a charming frieze in fresco, allegor- izing "The Four Seasons" (1883) in the life of bir<ls. To this fanciful creation a realistic cycle of seven paintings on huge copper placpus. illus- trating "The Life-Course of a Locomotive" ( 1878) . in the Villa Borsig. Berlin, forms a strik- ing contrast. "Shecp'Shearing" (1872), with its wonderful light etTccts ; "ild Man's Tent" (1874) ; "The Young Lions:" "The Card Sharp- ers" (monkeys, 1882) ; "Monkeys in a Studio," and, out of many fine landscapes, mostly of mountain .scenery with cattle, a "Charcoal Fit in the Bavarian A'lps" (1887. Hamburg (Jallery), are only a few among his best efforts. Of numernus excellent jiortraits those of his father and of Daniel Chodowiecki ( 1887), both in the Museum at Danzig, are representative examples. Consult Jleissner, in the Art Journnl (London, 1895). ME-YEB-HELMUND, mi'frhel'mi.int. Krik (1801 — ). . Kus^ian-l lenuan composer, born in Saint Petersburg. He received the rudiments nf musical instruction from his father and after- wards went to Berlin, where he studii'd under Kiel and Stockhausen. He became famous in Germany as a song composer, and for many of his songs he liinisclf wrote the words. All his music is marked by strong loc:il color and a distinct iiulividuality. His larger works include a comic opera, Miin'iittii (1889) : Die beidcn Kliiifisbert!, Der Liebeslcampf (1893): and the ballet music Der liergrjeist (1893). followed one year later by the biirlesi|ue n|irr:i Tischhn. MEYEB-LiJBKE, lup'kc. Wit.uki.m (1801 — ). A Romance philologist. He was born at Dilbendorf. in the Canton of Zurich, .laiuiary 30. 1801. From 1879 to 1SS3 he studied at Zurich and Berlin, coming under the inlluenee of Adolf Tobler (q.v.). In 1887 he became a pro- fessor extranrilinary at .Icna, and in 1890 he was made full ]irofessor of Romance philology at Vienna. His works include: Die Schieksale des laleinisehen Xeutruins im Romanisehen (1883): and the (Irammatik der romanisehen flpraehen (l.snO-99), trans, as (Iramniaire des hinnuex ro- maines (18901900). This is the most important
