HAKCOMANNI. 48 coiiianiii cxtoudid Ihuir teiiilmy up to the Dan- ube, till llicir uiicioachmeiils alaiineil the Ro- mans, who attacked them iu the time of Domi- tian. This war, which subsided for a time in the reigns of Trajan and Hadrian, broke out again uidcr Alarcus Aurelius, and was carried on with bitterness from 100 to 180, when it was ended by the I'eaee of Commodus. The .Marco- manni clmtinued to make raids into the provinces of Noricum and Kha^tia, and iu 270 invaded Italy as far as Ancona. Soon after this their name fades away from history, the people figuring later under tlic name of Boiarii. See Bavakia. MARCO'NI, GuGLiELMO (1875—). An Ital- ian electrician, inventor of the wireless telegraph. He was born near Bologna at tlrilTone, studied under Kosa at Leghorn, and then entered the Uni- versity of Bologna. There he came in contact with Professor Kighi, who had long been inter- ested in the nature of the Hertzian waves. The young man saw the possibilities of using these waves for the transmission of messages, improved the coherers of Onesti and Branly, made several successful experiments at (iritVone in 1805, and in 1890, having failed to interest the Italian Gov- ernment in his lx>half, went to England, where his plans were laid before the post-oHice authori- ties. There his project was well received. Sir William Preece, engincer-in-chief of the British telegraph system, who had himself made experi- ments in 18!).'! and 18'.)4, took uj) the new method, tested it, and declared it successful. but limited in application. Almost inunediately afterwards, tests of the Marconi method were nuide by the Italian Ministry of Marine at Spezzia. In 1S!)7 the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company was founded with a large capital. Two years later signals were successfully exchanged across the English Channel, and the system was established pretty generally in the British and Italian navies, although some insular jealoisy was aroused in England that the scheme of a for- eigner should be adopted in view of Precce's early study of the problem, and this in spite of the fact "that Marconi's mother was an Irish woman. In Ilecember. lltOl. from Saint John's. X. F., Marconi sent » signal to the Irish coast, and on December 19, 1902. succeeded in transmitting a message. See Wireless Tei.egrai'iiy. MARCO POLO. See Polo. Mahco. MARCOTJ, mar'koo', Jule.s (1824-98). A Ercnch geologist, born in .Salins. in the Depart- ment of .lura. lie was educated in Paris, and, after completing his course at the Collfge Saint Louis, made geological excursions through the Alps. In 1H40 he was attached to the mineral- opieal department of the Sorbonne. and conducted geologii'al investigations in various jiarts of Europe, and from 1848 to 185(1 in the United States. For some time he was employed by the Uniti-d .^lalea Oovernnient in surveying the Rocky Mountains, but he retiirneil in 1855 to Eu- rope to nccei)t the chair of paleontological geol- ogy in the Polytechnic School of Zurich. In 1800 he again visited the United States and was engaged with Prof. Louis Agnssiz in paleonto- logical researches, and afterward-; end'red the Government service. Profosor Mareou is l)est known, perhaps, for his works. Rirliinlirs t/ro- logiqiir siir le Jura unlinnix (1848). and The Tiicnnic Si/stcm nml Itn Posilion in idriil'uiriiphio Geology (1885). He published many scientific MARCY. papers besides the following more important works: Vmloyy of Sorth Aiiwrica (1858) ; Geo- logical Map of the M'orld (1801); De la science' en France (1809) ; Origin of the Xanw America (1875) ; First Discoveries of California, and the Origin of Its yame (1878). MAR'CUS. Bishop of Rome, or Pope, Janu- ary 18 to October 7. 333. He was a native of , Rome, and is said to have had a share in the I building of two churches, one of which still re- 1 mains as San Marco, although frequently altered and repaired. MAR'CtrS AURE'LIUS ANTONI'NUS. See AiRixirs. MAR'CY, Mot;NT. The loftiest of the Adiron- dack Mountains, and the highest point in New York State, situated in Essex County, 10 miles south of Lake Placid (Map: New York, G 1). It is 5344 feet high, and was known to the In- dians as Tahawus, the 'cloud-divider.' On its side. 4327 feet above the sea, is the picturesque Lake Tear of the Clouds, one of the sources of the Hudson River. MARCY, Henry Orlando (1837—). An American surgeon, born at Otis, Mass. He volun- teered in the Union Army as assistant surgeon in 1SC3. He was assistant in chemistry at Har- vard after the close of the war; then studied surgery at Berlin (1809) and in England under Lister," and devoted himself especially to the bac- teriology of wounds, Marcy wrote Best Methods of Opei'atire Wound Treatment (1882), and the very valuable work on Anatomy and Surgical Treatment of Hernia (1892). MARCY, Randolph Barkes (1812-87). An American soldier, born at Greenwich, Mass. He graduated at West Point in 1832, was promoted to a captaincy in 1840, and served in the war w ith Mexico. " Subsequently he was engageil in explorations in the Red River country ( 1852) . in operations against the Seminoles (1857), and in the Utah expedition of 1857-58. He was ap- pointed paymaster, with the rank of major, in 1859. and " inspector-general, with the rank of colonel, in 1801; was chief of stall to General JlcCl.llan. his son-in-law. in West Virginia, on the IVniiisula.and in Maryland: and in 1805 was brcvc'tted major-general in the Regular Army for faithful and meritorious services during the war. In 1808 he was appointed inspector-general of the Inited States Army, with the rank of brigadier- general, and was president of the Army Regula- tion Board until January 1. 1881, when he retired from active service. He published: Ej-jiloration of the h'rr! Hirer (18,53): The I'rairie Trarelrr I 18501 : Thirlii Years of Armg Life on the Bor- der ilsddi; and Border Reminiscences (1871). MARCY, WiLLLM Lear.nei) ( 1780- 18.57 ) ._An Anuiiian statesman, born December 12. 1780, at Sdutbbridge. Mass. He graduated at Brown University in 1808. and soon entered upon the |)raclice of law at Troy. X. Y. At th<' open- ing of the War of 1812 he entered the volunteer serv-iee as a lieutenant, and on October 22. 1812, led a successful attack upon Saint Regis, a Canadian post. For this he was soon iifler- wards promoted to he captain. Before the end of the war he returned to Troy, where he was aetiv" as .a newspaper writer and politician, sup- porting the Tompkins faction against the Clinto- nians. anil allying himself with the '.Mbany Re- gency' (q.v.). After filling several minor offices.
