and the stomach is They live in troops DENTITION OF A. MONKEY. Upper and lower series of teeth, left side, of the green moukey ; i, incisors ; c, canines; p. premolars; m, molars. (C'(. Langch.) MONKEY. 71 monkeys, including some of the best known spe- cies. The thumb is of hirge size, both hiuuls and feet are udaptcd for running as well as cliiubiiig. simi>lc and not saccuhiled. and make pillaging expedi- ti.ons into cultivated grounds under the leader- .ship of an old male. Of the various species of this genus which are in the market as pets, the mangabeys { q.v. ) are favorites ; they are usu- ally blackish, with more or less white. The best known of African mon- keys is the common green monkey ( Ccrcopithec-iis callitrichus) , which is of medium size and olive green in color. It is widely distributed in .frica, and over 200 years ago was introduced into (saint Kitts, (irenada,' and some others of the Lesser Antilles, where it has been quite destructive to crops. In identifying thevarious less known species of Cerco- pitheciis, one of the most important points is the color of the nose. Na.salis is a notable genus con- taining a single species, the proboscis monkey (q.v.) of Borneo, in which the nose is greatly ])rolongcd into a real proboscis. This species bears captivity poorly and few living specimens have been seen in Europe or America. Semno- pithecus includes a dozen or more Asiatic species, such as the well-known hanuman and the langurs (qq.v.). The last genus, Colobus (see CuEREZ.v ; King iloNKEY), includes about a dozen African monkeys w ith the thumb rudimentary or wanting. iVIany of them are handsomely decorated with longj silky hair, and the pelts have considerable commercial value, being used for the manufac- ture of women's boas, muff's, etc. The Old World monkeys do not ditTer essentially from the CebidiB, but they are not so exclusively arboreal and the tail is not prehensile. In many species cheek pouches are present, in which food may be stored, and such forms have the stomach simple, but in those forms where there are no cheek pouches the stomach is sacculated in an extraor- dinary manner. The latter monkeys are ex- clusively herbivorous and live largely on slioots and leaves. Monkeys breed usually but once a year and produce only one or two young ones at a birth. The fossil remains of monkeys have been found in the Pleistocene deposits of Brazil, and as far back as the Middle Miocene of Plurope. BiisLloGRAPHY. Consult standard natur;il his- tories, especially the books of Jerdon, Blanford, Blyth, and Wallace on India and the East: and of Azara, Humboldt. Bates. Wallace, Tschudi, Waterton, Belt, Gosse, and Alston, on South and Central America. The latest general pfijiular ac- count is Forbes, "A Handbook to the I'rimates," in Allen's XaturaJ History (London, 1897). See Mammalia: Pki.mates; Ape: etc. MONKEY BREAD. A tropical tree and its edible fruit. See Adaksonia. MONKFISH. (1) The angel-fish (fiqiintinn viili-inriK) , !i cartilaginous fish of nearly cosmo- politan distribution, which has cliaracteri.stics of both the sharks and the rays. It grows to a !7 MONMOUTH. length of five feet. I'ossil monkfish are found from Upper Jurassic through Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks. (2) The angler (q.v.). MONK'HOUSE, William Cosmo (1840- liiilli. All Kiiglish art critic and poet, born iu London, March 18, 1840. He was educated at Saint Paul's School. In 1857 he Ijecame a clerk in the Board of Trade, and in 1803 Assistant Secretary of Finance, llis verse comprises : A Dream uf Idleness and Other Poems (1865); Corn and Poppies (18!)0), containing many beau- tiful lyrics; and The Christ Upon, the Hill (18951. Among liis |)ublications on art are: The Italian Pre-Iiaphaclites (1887) ; The Earlier English ^yater-Colonr Painters (1890); In the National (Uillery (1895) ; British Contemporary Artists (1899). He also wrote Lives of TXirner (1879) and Leigh Hunt (1893), and contributed many articles to the Dictionary of National Biog- raphy. MONK SEAL. The West Indian seal (Mon- achus). See Seal. MONKSHOOD. See Aconite. MONK'S TALE, The. One of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, a miniature reproduction of Boccaccio's Falls of Illustrious Men. MONLUC, or MONTLUC, moN'li.ik', Blaise DE (1502-77 1. A Frcncli warrior and historian and autobiographer. born in .Armagnac, near Con- don, now in the De|)Mrtnient of Gers. Fifty years lie wa.s abroad, always doing something, and he remembered wliat he had done. He shared iu the campaigns of I'^rancis I., and got leave from him for the Duke d'Enghien to start the fight at C^erisoles (1544). Under Henry II., in 1555, he lield oft' the Emperor's troops at Siena. He fought the Hviguenots in Guienne. A slash in tlie face caused him to withdraw for two years ( 1570-72). and in this forced repose he wrote his Vommentaires. ' He detested letters, but the ex- ample of Csesar set him to writing of what he had done and seen. Monluc wrote admirably, with the fire of a glory-loving G.ascon. He was not in the least a philosopher, though he meant his Commentaires to be useful to posterity. With- out understanding the movements of his time, he saw distinctly what went on about hiui. Monluc gives an extraordinarily vivid series of pictures of his adventures in France and Italy. His Commentaires are highly valuable to the historians, and their style makes them de- lightful reading to those who arc simply looking for a man. Monluc died in Estilla. near Agen. (^'onsult the Commentaires ct. lettres de Blaise de Monluc. ed. by Rul)le (Paris, 1864-72) ; also Xormand, Les memorinlistes, Monluc (ib., 1892). MONMOUTH, mon'inuth. A municipal bor- ough and market-town, the capital of Monmouth- shire, England, situated amid beautiful scenery, at the confluence of the Monnow and the Wye, 17 miles south of Hereford (Map: England, D 5). Its church, dating from the fourteenth century, is surmounted by a lofty spire. Of its ca.stle, the favorite residence of .John of CJaunt. and the birthplace of Henry Y., the ruins only remain. A building said to be the study of Geoffrey of Monmouth is all that exists of the Benedictine monastery. Population, in 1901, 5100. MONMOUTH. . city and the county-scat of Warren County, 111., 28 mile.s east by north of Burlington. Iowa : on the Iowa Central and the
