Connecticut, came here under the leadership of Abraham Pierson. The settlement was strictly religious, the rights of full citizenship being restricted to members of the Congregational Church. At first called Milford, it was renamed in 1667 after Pierson's English home, Newark-upon-Trent. It originally included a large part of the present Essex County, in which the towns of Belleville, Bloomfield, Clinton, Montclair, and the Oranges later grew up. In 1745-46 the English grantees of East Jersey attempted to invalidate the Indian titles of the settlers, claiming that they alone could grant land. Riots ensued which were repressed with difficulty. Newark was chartered as a town in 1712; in 1777 it was occupied first by Washington, and then, along with all that section of New Jersey, by the British, who plundered the inhabitants and destroyed much property. The College of New Jersey, later Princeton University (q.v.), was located here from 1748 to 1756. In 1798 Newark received a second town charter, and in 1836 was incorporated as a city. In 1836 occurred the most destructive fire in the city's history, and in 1837 the widespread business panic caused much distress. Consult: Atkinson, The History of Newark, N. J. (Newark, 1878); and Records of the Town of Newark, 1666-1836 (Newark, 1864).
NEWARK. A village in Wayne County, N. Y., 32 miles east by south of Rochester; on the Erie Canal, and on the New York Central, the West Shore, and the Northern Central railroads (Map: New York, C 2). It has a public library of 3000 volumes and is the seat of the State Custodial Asylum for Feeble-Minded Women. The surrounding country is a productive agricultural section; and the chief industries of the village include the distillation of peppermint oil, fruit-preserving, the growing of rose- and nursery stock, and the manufacture of cut glass, tinware, boxes, flour, foundry products, etc. Population, in 1890, 3698; in 1900, 4578.
NEWARK. A city and the county-seat of Licking County, Ohio, 33 miles east of the State capital, Columbus; at the junction of the forks of the Licking River, and on the Pennsylvania and the Baltimore and Ohio railroads (Map: Ohio, F 5). It has also good interurban electric railway service. Situated in a plain surrounded by hills. Newark is attractively laid out, twelve miles of its streets being paved with vitrified brick. The Auditorium, a memorial to the soldiers and sailors who died in the Civil War, is one of the finest theatres in the State. Two of the most extensive earthworks of the mound-builders are here, comprising a circular embankment, one mile in circumference, and a larger series of fortifications, called the Octagon Fort. Tributary to the city are fertile agricultural sections, and areas of natural gas, coal, and sandstone. The manufacturing interests are very important, the establishments including electric car works, table glassware and bottle works, locomotive shops of the Baltimore and Ohio, stove foundries, bent-wood works, rope-halter factory, hardwood sawmill, cigar factory, engine and machine works, and iron foundry, agricultural implement works, flouring mills, carriage factory, chemical laboratory, etc. Newark was settled in 1801, and was laid out as a town in the following year. Population, in 1890, 14,270; in 1900, 18,157.
NEWARK SERIES. The name given to the Triassic system in the eastern part of North America. Along the Atlantic coast from Nova Scotia to South Carolina there are many isolated areas of thick bedded red sandstones, conglomerates, and breccias, which throughout their extent exhibit marked uniformity of characteristics. The sedimentary rocks are accompanied by dikes and sheets of basalt indicating intense volcanic activity at the time of their formation. Fossils are rare and mostly of fresh-water or land types, the commonest being land plants and foot-prints of animals. The micaceous and feldspathic nature of the sandstone shows that it was derived from the waste of crystalline rocks. In North Carolina and Virginia the series contains workable coal seams; it also yields a good quality of building stone—the brown sandstone of Connecticut and New Jersey. See Triassic System.
NEW ATLAN′TIS, The. The name given by Lord Bacon, in his allegory bearing the same title, to an island supposed to lie in the Southern Atlantic, on which the author is shipwrecked. There he finds an organized association for natural science and the arts. See Atlantis.
NEWAYGO, nē̇-wā′gō̇. A village and the county-seat of Newaygo County, Mich., 37 miles north of Grand Rapids; on the Muskegon River, and on the Pere Marquette Railroad (Map: Michigan, H 5). It is situated in a region that has attained considerable popularity as a place of resort, being noted particularly for its hunting and fishing. The village, especially known for its cement works, is engaged in manufacturing also furniture, flour, and lumber products. Population, in 1890, 1330; in 1900, 1172.
NEW BEDFORD. A port of entry and one of the county seats of Bristol County, Mass., 56 miles south of Boston; the terminus of a division of the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad (Map: Massachusetts, F 4). It is situated near the mouth of the Acushnet River, which expands into a fine, spacious harbor leading into Buzzard's Bay. Fort Rodman, on Clark Point, with a garrison of 120 men, defends the harbor's entrance. A drive, over four miles in length, extends around the point and to the city, commanding splendid marine views. New Bedford, in area about 19⅓ square miles, is regularly laid out, and its streets are paved chiefly with gravel and macadam. Among the prominent structures are the city hall, the county court house, the post office, the Public Library, Masonic and Odd Fellows' buildings. Saint Luke's and Saint Joseph's hospitals, Saint Mary's Home, the Textile School, and the Merchants' National Bank. A State armory is (1903) in course of construction. The Public Library (73,000 volumes) is one of the oldest free public libraries in the United States, having been opened in 1853. The library was founded, however, some fifty years before it became a municipal institution. The corner-stone of the present building was laid in 1856. The public parks, aggregating 255 acres, are: the Common, Brooklawn, Buttonwood, Hazelwood, and Grove. The New Bedford and Fairhaven bridge, which spans the harbor, cost $1,500,000, and is one of the features of the city.
New Bedford, once noted for its extensive whaling interests, is now distinctively a manufacturing centre, known particularly for the production
