stroyed and its shipping so crippled that the town never recovered its commercial prestige. Rochambeau with his French troops was stationed here in 1780. First incorporated in 1784, Newport surrendered its charter two years later, and was not reincorporated until 1853. It was the birthplace of Commodore M. C. Perry and of William Ellery Channing. In Touro Park stands the famous ‘Old Stone Mill,’ formerly supposed to have been built by the Northmen in the eleventh century, but now very generally believed to have been erected by Gov. Benedict Arnold about 1675. The Newport Mercury, founded in 1758 by James Franklin, is still published. Consult: Greene, The Providence Plantation (Providence, 1886); “Newport in the Revolution,” an article in the New England Magazine, n. s., vol. ii. (Boston, 1890); Brooks, The Controversy Touching the Stone Mill (Newport, 1851).
NEWPORT. A village and the county-seat of Orleans County, Vt., 49 miles north by east of Montpelier; on Lake Memphremagog, and on the Canadian Pacific and the Boston and Maine railroads (Map: Vermont, F 2). It has the Goodrich Memorial Library (public), with 6500 volumes, and is a well-known summer resort. The village is surrounded by a farming region. There are some manufactures. Population, in 1890, 1730; in 1900, 1874.
NEWPORT, Christopher (c.1565-1617). An English navigator. In 1591 he sailed from London as captain of the Golden Dragon with three other ships, on an expedition to the West Indies. After sacking four Spanish towns and capturing and sinking twenty Spanish merchantmen, the expedition turned back across the Atlantic laden with spoil. At Flores they joined Sir John Burgh and took part with him in the capture of the Madre de Dios, August 3, 1592. In 1606 Newport commanded the fleet of three ships which conveyed John Smith and his fellow colonists to Virginia. He spent some time in Virginia, and took part in an exploring expedition up the James River with Smith. In 1607-08 he made another voyage to Virginia, and in 1609 commanded the first expedition sent out under the second charter, which conveyed Sir Thomas Gates and Lord Somers to Virginia. Newport's ship, the Sea Venture, was cast ashore on the Bermudas, whence the colonists proceeded to Virginia in two small pinnaces, which they constructed from the wrecked ship. In 1611 he made a last voyage to Virginia. In the year following he entered the service of the East India Company. Between 1613 and 1617 he made four voyages to India for the company, finally dying at Bantam of a fever. An account of his voyages to America, entitled Newport's Discovcries in Virginia, and purporting to have been written by “a gentleman of the colony,” was published in the Archæologia Americana, vol. iv. (Boston, 1860).
NEWPORT, George (1803-54). An English naturalist and physician, born at Canterbury, and educated at London University and at the College of Surgeons. He was one of the most skilled anatomists of his time, and his researches on the structure of insects and other arthropods are very important. His publications include: On the Respiration of Insects (1836); article on “Insecta” in Todd's Cyclopedia of Anatomy and Physiology (1839); On the Use of Antennæ of Insects (1840); List of Specimens of Myriopoda in the British Museum (1844); Monograph of the Class Myriopoda, Order Chilopoda (1845); and On the Impregnation of the Ovum in the Amphibia (1851).
NEWPORT NEWS. A city and port of entry in Warwick County, Va., 12 miles north by west of Norfolk, and 75 miles southeast of Richmond; on the James River and Hampton Roads, and the terminus of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad (Map: Virginia, H 5). It has also several coastwise and foreign steamship lines. A fine harbor and excellent shipping facilities have made Newport News the centre of large commercial interests, its foreign trade in 1901 being valued at $36,658,000, including exports to the amount of $32,568,000. Its industrial interests, too, are well developed. There is a shipyard employing 6000 men, with two dry docks, 600 and 900 feet in length; also grain elevators, lumber mills, iron works, and coal wharves. Casino Park, in the heart of the city and on the James River, is a popular place of resort. The government, under the original charter of incorporation, is vested in a mayor, elected every two years, and a city council, which confirms the executive's appointment of the police commissioners and elects all other municipal officials, excepting those chosen by the people. Settled in 1882, Newport News was incorporated first in 1896. Its growth during the decade 1890-1900 was exceedingly rapid, a population in 1890 of 4449 having increased to 19,635 in 1900.
NEW PROV′IDENCE. The most important, although one of the smallest, of the Bahama Islands. It is situated between Eleuthera and Andros islands, 170 miles from the southeast coast of Florida (Map: West Indies, J 2), and has an area of 85 square miles. In physical features it resembles the other Bahamas (q.v.), but it alone has a good harbor, and on it is the town of Nassau (q.v.), the capital of the islands. The first English settlement in the Bahamas was founded on New Providence in 1629.
NEW RED SANDSTONE. A large series of reddish-colored loams, shales, and sandstones, occurring between the Carboniferous and the Middle Triassic formations, were grouped together under this name, in contradistinction to the Old Red Sandstone group, which lies below the coal measures, and has a similar mineral structure. It has been found, however, that two very distinct periods were included under this name; and the contained fossils of each group were found to be so remarkably different that the one period was referred to the Paleozoic system, under the name of Permian (q.v.). while the other was determined to belong to the Triassic system (q.v.). The name is no longer used in the United States.
NEW RIVER. A river of West Virginia. See Great Kanawha.
NEW ROCHELLE, rō̇-shĕl′. A city in Westchester County, N. Y., 16½ miles from the Grand Central Station, New York City; on an arm of Long Island Sound, and on the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad (Map: New York, G 5). It is mainly a residential suburb of New York, and has some reputation as a summer resort. There are many handsome residences, and several spacious colonial mansions
