OTJSELEY. 160 OUTLAWRY. in classics and choral singing, and bequeathed to it his valuable music library. He took the degree of doctor of music at Oxford in 1854, and the next year became professor of music there. He published a number-of musical collec- tions, .1 Treatise an Harmony (18G8), and A Treatise on Counterpoint, Canon, and Fugue ( 1869). He was also the author of the oratorios The Martyrdom of fiaint Polycarp (1855) and Hagar (1873) : considerable salon music; a num- ber of anthems ; and edited, with Dr. Monk, Angliran Psalter Chants (1872). He died at Hereford. OUSELEY, Gideon ( 1762- 18.39 ) . The Wes- leyan apostle of Ireland. He was born at Dun- more. Ireland, February 24. 1702, of a family distinguishf'd in English history- In his youth he was reckless, but in 1791 became religious under the inlluence of Wesleyan soldiers .stationed at his native place. He soon became an evan- gelist, preaching with fervor and boldness in the streets and churchyards, fairs and markets, and at the wake-houses. Without dismounting from his liorse he preached from tliree to five times a day. After preaching thus for seven years- he was received into the Wesleyan Con- ference, and in 1799 appointed a missionary to Ireland. He was often roughly treated by the Irish, but being a master of the language, and thoroughly acquainted with the Irish character, he succeeded in converting thousands. At the age of seventy-four, after fifty years of devoted labor, he was still as active as ever on the high- ways and in the market-places, preaching four- teen, sixteen and sometimes twenty sermons a w^eek. He was the author of several polemical publications, of which the most important is A Short Drfrnse of the Old Religion (1812; re- printed as Old Christianity Aqninst Papal Nortel- ties, 5th ed. 1827). He died in Dublin. Mav 13, 1839. Consult his Life bv Arthur (London, 1876). OUSELEY, Sir Wiluam' (1707-1842). A British I )rientalist. He was born of Irish parent- age at Monmouthshire, England. He went to Paris in 1787. and there commenced his Oriental studies. In 1788 he entered the army as cornet of dragoons, and, after seeing active .service under the Duke of York, in 1794 left the army to continue the study of Persian and other Oriental literature at the University of Leyden. The fruits of his studies were embodied in four works published between 1795 and 1804. the earliest of which gained for him in 1797 the honorary degree of LL.D. from Trinity College. Dublin, and of Ph.D. from the University of Rostock. In 1800 he received the honor of knighthood from the Viceroy of Ireland. He perfected his collo(|uial knowledge of Persian by several months of residence in the London household of the Persian . ihassador. Mirza Abul Hassan, and as private secretary to his brother. Sir Oore Ouselcy. who had been appointed British .'m- bassador to Persia, went to that country in 1810, where he remained until ISLS. He was elected member of several learned societies, and was a prolific contributor to the Translations of the Royal Society of Literature. He died at Bou- logne. His principal works are; Persian Miscel- laniea (1795|; Oriental Collections (1797-79); Tales of the Bakhiti/ar ama and the Ten Vir- gins (1801: new ed.'l883) ; and Travels in Vari- ous Countries of the East, More Particularly Persia in ISIO, 1811, 1812 (1819-23). OUSTEB (OF. ouster, oster, Fr. titer, to re- move, oust, from Jjat. haurire, to draw). The deprivation or exclusion of the rightful owner from the possession or enjoyment of land. Such dispossession may be elVected by an entry on the lands under a claim of title, or by a person remaining on lands after his title or right to possession of them has ceased, to the exclusion of the owner, or one next entitled to possession. The exclusion from possession or enjoyment of land of one tenant in common by a co-tenant would constitute an ouster. An ouster is dis- tinguished from a tresp;iss, which is a temporary encroachment on, or invasion of, the real estate of another, usually without a claim of right. The remedy for an ouster is an action to recovef possession of the property. See Disseisin; Ejectment; Tbespas.s. OUTAGAMIES, (TT.'ta-giim'iz- The name given by tin- Ojibwas to the Fox Indians. OUTCROP. A term apjilied in geology to the edges of strata which appear at the surface. The outcrop of a mineriil vein is .sometimes called the apex. OUTLAWRY. An ancient common-law pro- cess for compelling the appearance of a person l)efore a court of justice. Its origin dates back to the reign of King Alfred, and it was probably devised as the most efficient means of securing the punishment of a culprit. The courts and officers of the peace were not well organized at that time, and it was not difficult for a criminal to elude the King's officers. However, a decree of otitlawry against an alleged criminal boimd every honest person to attempt to capture him if he crossed his path. The outlaw was deprived of all rights as a citizen, or even as a human being. He was considered as a wild beast, the decree at a later date bearing the words, Caput gerat liipinnm (I>et him bear the wolf's head), which signifieil that it was the right, and even the duty, of any person to knock him on the head as if he were a wolf. To harbor or render assistance to an outlaw was a capital crime, punishable with death. Outlawry was, there- fore, equivalent to a sentence of death, and. in addition, the outlaw was deprived of all prop- erty rights, his land escheated to the King, or under the feudal system to his lord, his chattels being always forfeited to the King. The law in this respect continued the same until the thirteenth century, when the reform of prohibit- ing the public from wantonly killing an alleged outlaw, unless in an attempt to capture him, was introduced. Even at that time, if on the trial the mere fact of outlawry was established, the sentence was death. However, toward the end of the thirteenth century, the penalty of death was no longer inflicted in cases of 'minor outlawry.' that is. where the process had issued in a civil cause, or in a prosecution for a crime less than felony or treason. The decree of out- . lawry at that time was issued in so many cases where the accused person had not intentionally disobeyed a summons from a court, or had never been informed that he was accused, that it be- came customary for the King, when such a case was brought to his attention, to 'inlaw' the per- son. This was effected by a decree removing the ban of outlawrv', and the accused could then
