POHL. 153 POINDING. music. Pohl's chief works include: Akuxtische Briefe (1853) ; Baireuther Erinnerungen (1877) ; .lutobiographisches (1881); Richard ^Vagner (18S3); Franz Liszt (1883); Hektur Berlioz (18S4) ; Die Hohenziige der musikalischen Ent- wicklung (1888), as well as poems. POHLE, pcVle, Leox (1841—). A German genre and portrait painter, bom at Leip- zig. He studied at the Dresden Academy (from 1856), then at Antwerp, imder Van Lerius and under Pauwels at Weimar, and was appointed professor at the Dresden Academy in 1877. Hav- ing at first cultivated genre and history, he con- fined himself afterwards more and more to por- traiture, and in this line produced such fine ex- amples as the portraits of Ludwig Richter ( 1872, Leipzig Museum, and 1880, National Galler3', Berlin), of the painter Karl Pesehel (1880, Dres- den Gallery), of the sculptor Hahnel, and of Baron Tauchnitz (both in the Leipzig iluseum). Of his genre scenes, the Berlin Gallery contains an "Elegy," and the Dresden Gallery "Ecole Torniamenti." POI. A fermented food product made from the starchy root of Oolocassia antiquorum. It is very popular in the Hawaiian Islands. See Cocco. POINCARE, pwax'ka'ra', Jules Henbt ( 1854 — ) . A French mathematician and phys- icist, born at Nancy. He entered the Ecole Poly- technique in 1873. but left two years later to take up work in the School of Mines. He became an engineer in 1879, and in the same year doctor of sciences. In 1881 he was called to Paris, where in 1886 he became professor of mathematical phyiscs and calculus of probabilities in the Faculty of Sciences. At the death of Tis- serand (1896) he changed this chair for that of celestial mechanics. In 1887 he was made member of the Academy of Sciences at Paris, and after 1893 was a member of the Bu- reau of Longitudes (after 1898 its president). In 1889 he obtained the prize awarded by King Oscar of Sweden for a work on the problem of the three bodies (q.v. ). Poincarg has become known as one of the greatest mathematicians pro- duced by France in the last century. A disciple of Cauchy, he has carried out the investigations of the latter along the various lines of the theory of functions, and he has also applied his remarkable mathematical powers to profound researches in the domain of physics. He has introduced into mathematics a new class of transcendents, analogous to. but more general than, the elliptic functions, which he has named the Fuchsian func- tions in honor of Immanuel Fuchs (q.v.). He has also introduced in connection with these func- tions a new class of gioups. also called Fuchsian. He has contributed to the theory of non-Euclidean geometry, to the theory of difi'erential equa- tions, and to various branches of higher algebra. His works include: Les methodes nottveltes de la mechanir/ue celeste (3 vols., 1892-99) ; Calcul des probabilites (ed. by Quiquet, 1896) ; Capil- larite (ed. by Blondin, 1895) ; Cineniatiqtw et micanismes potentiels et mecanique des fluides (ed. by Guillet, 1899) ; Electricite et optiquc (2 vols.. 1890-91) : Thermodynamiqxte (ed. by Blon- din, 1892) ; Lei;ons stir la theorie mathematique de la lumiere (2 vols., 1889-92) ; Legons sur la theorie de I'Hasticite (ed. by Borel and Drach, 1892) ; Les oscillations electriques (ed. by ilaur- rain, 1894) ; Theorie aiialytique de la propaga- tion de la chaleur (ed. by Rouyer and Baire, 1895) ; Theorie des tourbillons(iSi)'i} ; Theorie du potentiel Sewtonien (ed. by Le Roy and Vincent, 1899). Part of these works form his Cours de physique (13 vols., 1890). He has also published important memoirs on mathematics and physios in the Journal des mathematiques pures et appli- quees, the Journal de I'Ecole Polytechnique, the Transactions of the Philosophical Society of Cam- bridge, (icientia, the Acta Mathematica, the Mathematische Annalen, and many other leading mathematical journals. POIN'CIA'NA. A tropical tree. See C.esal- PIXIA. POIN'DEXTER, George (1779-18.53). An American politician, born in Louisa County, Va. He studied law and began practice in Jlil- ton, Va. In 1802 he went to the Mississippi Territory, and in 1803 was appointed Attor- ney-General by Governor Claiborne. In 1806 he was in the Territorial Legislature, and prose- cuted Aaron Burr when the latter was arrested in 1807. This year he was also elected delegate to the United States House of Representatives, and served two terms. In 1813 he was appointed United States judge of the Territory. In 1817 he presided over the committee to prepare a Constitution for the State, and was chosen its first Representative in Congress. Here he dis- tinguished himself by his defense of General .Jackson's course in Florida. In 1819 he was chosen Governor of the State and while in office prepared The Revised Code of Laics of Missis- sippi (1824). In 1830 he was appointed and then elected to fill out an unexpired term as L'nited States Senator. Meanwhile his admira- tion for President Jackson had cooled, and he was even charged with complicity in the at- tempted assassination. He voted for Clay's reso- lution of censure for the President on account of the removal of deposits from the Bank of the United States, much to the surprise of his con- stituents. In 1835 he was defeated for reelection. Poindexter had great ability, but was violent, arrogant, and obstinate. As a result of one of his quarrels he killed Abijah Hunt in a duel (1811), in which he was accused of firing before the word. POINDING, pind'ing (from poind, Scotch dialectic form of pound : connected with AS. ge- pyndan, Eng. pind, to shut up. impound, and with pond). In Scotch law, a method of satisfying a claim, imder process of law, by seizing and selling the debtor's goods. Where a creditor has a claim which is considered a lien or burden on land, he may obtain a writ or warrant, known as a de- bitum fundi, authorizing the attachment and sale of such movables (q.v.) or chattels on the land as belong to the debtor. This is called "real poinding.' 'Personal poinding,' or seizing any other personal goods of a debtor, is authorized by a special writ issued by an inferior judicial of- ficer. Beasts of burden, plow animals, and agricultural implements must not be seized un- til all other goods of the debtor are exhausted. . other species of poinding is permitted corre- sponding to the English and American proceeding of 'impounding' cattle. (See Porxn.) The pro- ceedings for the collection of debts above de- scribed correspond to the English proceeding of distress and the American processes of attach-
