PINDAB. 82 tlio long line of eighteenth-century authors of Pinilaiic (ides thought to reproduce it by jerky, iucfiular rhvtiinis. abrupt transitions, and bom- baslic diction. .Matthew Arnold i)raises it as '•the grand style in simplicily." -M^.vcrs's beauti- ful translation into archaizing English prose re- |)iodnces the matter excellently, but hardly the manner. It is "the grand style in siniplieity" doubtless. Hnt Pindar's simplicity is compatible with an "intoxication of style," a polysyllabic sonority, a cvelopean phrase architecture, a ka- leidoscopic fliish of metaphor, and above all an organ roll of word music which no mo<lern tonsue can compass. The best translation is that of Myers. Carey is the most readable of the older triuislatius in verse. The chief editions are those of Hilekh (the foundation), ScbneidewinDissen, Christ (Teubner text, and larger edition with Latin notes), Fennell, Gildersleeve (Olympian and Pythian Odes). The best comment and criti- cism will be found in C'roiset's Pindurc fid ed., Paris, 188t)) : in p'raccaroli, he Odi di J'indaro (N'ercma, 1804); in .Jebb, Lectures on <!i<ik I'nrtrt/ (London, 18!)3), and his paper in the third volume of the Joiirniil of llillrnic Studies; and in (iildcrsleeve's Introduction. PINDEMONTE, pJu'dS-mon'tft, Ippolito (175:M828). An Italian poet, born at Verona, He was educated at Modena. and in 1778 he went to Home, where he was admitted into the Ar- cadia. Here he conceived the idea of translat- ing the Odiissri/. With this i<lea in view, he went to Naples and Sicily, visiting many places connecteil with the legend of Ul.vsse.s. At Florence he made the acquaintance of .Mfieri, and he saw him again at Paris, whence be passed to London, Berlin, and Vienna, returning to Ve- rona in 1791. Pindemonte's chief works are the Pncsic and Prose cani/icstri (1788-94), the form of which js cast in the Greek and Latin mold, and the in- spiration of which is largely Eni;lish; the epistle. 7 srpDicri, written in response to Foscolo's poem of similar import; and an excellent blank verse version of the Odiissey (1818-22). His lesser works comprise many treatises, discourses, and letters; a tale, Clementina ; a novel, Abaritte; a number of tragedies, of which the best is the Arniinio (1804), dealing with the story of the conciueror of Varus; and other versified composi- tions. sich as the Francin. which celebrates the opening of the States General at Paris in 1789, and his Hernioni. Consult the edition of his Pocsie oriijinali (Florence, 18.58) ; the .trHiiHio, in the 3d ed. of Verona, 1812; the Odissca (Florence, 1891) ; .Montanari, Storia della vita e delle opere di Ippolito Pindemonte (Venice, 18.5fi). An elder brother of Ippolito was Giovanni PiNUEMOXTE (1751-1812), also a poet of some merit. He rose high in political circles at Venice, and became PodestiV of Vieenza, but falling into disfavor, he had to seek refuge in France in 1706, In 1802 he played a part in the legislative body at Jlilan. He wrote tragedies and lyrics, the latter of elevated inspiration, but imperfect in form. Consult his Opere drammatiche (1804-0.')). and his Pocsie e lettrre. edited by Biadego (Bolosrna. 1S83). PINDHABEES, pin-da'rez, or PINDARIS (Maratbi. Pindhiiri. Pendhari, plundered, from pendlin, bundle of grass + hari, one who takes). PINE. The name of marauding companies of mercenaries, who remained in arms after the fall of the Mogul Em|iirc. Eventually, bctwuMi 1804 and 1817, Ihcy became in ell'ect a formidable warlike State, dangerous to ICnglish rule, and the terror of the native populations. In the year 181() alone they destroyed 330 villages in British ti-rritory. The next .vear Lord Hastings, with forces amounting to 120.000 men, completely routed the united Mahratta and Pindharee armies, consisting of 200,000 men and 500 guns. From this blow the I'indharees did not recover. PIN'DITS. A mountain range of Northern Gicccc, between Epirus and Thessaly. See (iKEECE. PINE (AS. pin, from Lat. pinus, Skt. pirn, pine; connected with Gk. ttItus, pitys, Olr. ith, grain, Skt. pitu, sap, pita, pine, pa, to drink, AS. plume, plyme, from Lat. prunum, plum, prunus, plum-tree, from Gk. icpouvov, pruunon, irpoiiimv, pronmnon, plum, irpovuvi), proumnc, plum-tree; for the phonological changes of r to I, and of n. to hi, cf. Eng. pilyrim. from Lat. prrr- grinus, stranger), Pinus. A genus of trees of the nalviral order Coniferae. Nearly two-thirds of the species are natives of the northern part of the Western Hemisphere, the others occurring in the temperate and subarctic portions of Europe and in Africa, extending as do some of the American species into the tropics upon the high mountains. The genus is readily distinguished by narrow, lincar,needle-like leaves, growing usually in clus- ters of two. three, or five, surrounded at their bases by a sheath of membranous scales; an<l in bearing its seeds in cones which usually mature the second year, some species the third or later j'ears. Pines embrace some of the most or- namental and useful trees, their size varying from shrubby specimens, which usimlly grow at high elevations or latitudes, to trees of great size. GROUPING OF PISE-NEEDLE8 IN 6HEATHS. 1. Pinus monnpliflla ; 2. Pinus Pinaster; 3, Pinas Sabln- isna ; i, Pinus LaiBltirtiana. Pines grow in almost every kind of soil and sit- uation, from the bleak mountain side to the plain of almost pure sand. They are more or less gregarious in habit and frequently cover extensive areas to the almost total exclusion of other
