PBOOF-BEADING. 450 PROPERTITJS. under it and wrilmjr -stef (.neaning 'let it stand as it is") in the niaigin. ,i j „„ ,7) On.ission of a word or words is called an •out' bv printers, but that of a point or a part of a word s not so called, though the method of cor ^'t ng is the same. A caret (A) is made in t^e place for insertion, and the character ir words (the 'out') written directly opposite when possible; but otherwise it may be placed according to convenience, with a line drawn to it When an 'out' is too long to write in the margin, the proof-reader writes m its place out, see ?opv.' marks the matter omitted on the copy, and seiids it to the compositor with the proof. For insertion of a space, the sign # is written in line with the caret. A square (□) is made
- for insertion of an era or square of space.
(8) Superior and inferior characters are in- dicated thus: C.^ f ',' i. The first of these marks is an apostrophe, never called a .superior comma' by printers, who would hardly know it bv that name. . , », ■ ■ CM The meaning 'turn this character right is indicated bv the mark 9 . Some proof-readers make it ^ " in the right-hand margin, but sim- plicity is gained and nothing is lost by making it always the same. (10) A mark I indicates that a space (alow blank type) is to'be pushed down so that it will not print. (11) Crookedness of lines is noted by strokes ( = ) above and below and repeated in margin. (12) Elimination of space between^haracters is directed bv the use of tie-marks (^). These should also 'be used above and below the dele- mark ('delete') when letters from between which a hyiihen is removed are to be drawn together. When a space is to be used in place of the hyphen, the marking should be the same as for changing a letter — the hyphen crossed out and a space-mark written in the margin. (13) A new paragraph is ordered instead of a mere sentence bv making a caret and placing the sign IF in the margin. Change from a paragraph to a sentence is shown by a connecting mark from the lower line to the upper and m the margin either 'no f or 'run in.' (14) Reduction of space between words is directed by a mark (/) at the top of the let- ters, which is equivalent to writing "Take out some of the space." (15) ilarks expressive of meanings that could not be more clearly told are 1 ll — Id U- They are used when anything is to be raised, lowered, or drawn to left or right. The matter of convenience in the arrangement of marginal marks is worthy of very careful consideration. The proof-readers whose practice is best are those who have begun with serious determination that such convenience must be conserved, and have never allowed haste or pres- sure of any kind to swerve them from this path of rectitude. Authors and editors might well exercise similar care. Often their markings are made with lines alternating upward and down- ward, with so little regularity as to make them resemble something "reticulated or decussated at equal distiinces. with interstices between the in- tersections" (.Johnson's definition of network), and the correcting of the type from such mark- ings is verv expensive, because it takes so much time, and is seldom done accurately. Profes- sional proof-readers detect errors with more facil- ity than is common to other persons; but, aside from knowledge of typographic technicality, their peculiar comparative certainty is merely the result of constant jjractice. PBOPAGANDA (Lat. de propaganda fide, concerning the propagation of the faith). The name of the most important of the Roman con- oret'ations or committees of cardinals for the administration, under the Pope, of the Roman Catholic Church. Those parts of the world which are designated from this point of view as 'mis- sionary countries' come under its immediate jurisdiction, even when possessing an organized hierarchy. They include: In Europe, the, British Isles, Norway, Denmark, Holland, Switzerland, Greece, the Balkan Peninsula, and parts of Ger- many: all of North America except Mexico; all of Asia but the Patriarchate of Goa and the Philippines: all of Africa except Algeria and certain dioceses subject to European metropoli- tans- Australia and Oceania. The churches of the Oriental Rite also come under the Propa- ganda. For further details, see Missions, Chris- tian. PBOPAGATION OF THE FAITH, So- cieties FOR THE. See Missions, Christian. PROPANE (from prop-yl, from prop-ionic, from Gk. -pw-roi, pro-tos, first + '^'w, pi»". *»* + mcth-nnc) ,CA. A gaseous compound of car- bon and hydrogen existing in small quantities m crude petroleum. Its illuminating power is half acain as great as that of ethane (q.v.) ; like efhane, it is practically insoluble in water, but, under ordinary atmospheric pressure, dissolves in one-sixth of its volume of absolute alcohol. jj^ 170 c. (1.4° F.) it condenses to a liquid. It is produced when acetone, glycerin, and certain other substances are heated with hydnodic acid to '^80° C (536° F.) ; but it may be best pre- pared in the pure state by treating iso-propyl iodide, (CH3)X'HI, with dilute hydrochloric acid. See IlYDROCABDOXS; Carbon Compounds. PROPER (OF., Fr. propre. from Lat. pro- prius. peculiar to one's self) . In heraldrj' (q.v.), a charge Iiorne of its natural color. PROPERTIUS, Sextis (c.49-c.I5 b.c). A Roman elegiac poet. He was an Umbrian by birth and his native town was in all probability the city of Asisium. He was of equestrian rank, and his father, who had joined Lucius Antonius, had lost much of his estate, which was confiscated by Au<mstus. Of the poet's life there are but few data ^After his father's death he came to Rome, probably about the age of sixteen, and studied law this profession, however, proved but a^ nominal one, for his real life-work lay in poetp-. His first patron was Volcatius Tullus, but after the publication of his first book, he was presented to the famous Jli^cenas (q.v.), who became his lasting friend. The relations of Propertius with his fellow-poets were most harmonious. He is mentioned frequently by Ovid with unmistakable aflTection. and he speaks of Vergil with enthusi- asm. Although the name neither of Horace nor of Tibullus occurs in his poems, his work contain^ many reminiscences of both. Of the latter part of tile life of Propertius we know nothing. He speaks of himself as a valetudinarian, and he died at Rome, probably at the age of about thirty-five. According to Plinv. he married after the death of his mistress, and left a son. but this accoimt is doubtful, and is rightly discredited.
