PINEROLO. 38 atre. There are manufactures of woolens, cot- tons, silks, leatlicr, and pa|Hr, and a trade in grain, wine, cattle, fruit, and luiuber. Popula- tion (coiniiiune), in 1881, 17,03!); in 1901, 18,- 250. Orifjinally a possession of a local Bene- dictine abbey, Pinerolo passed to the House of Savoy in 1 188 and later bocaine a residtinc city. It was taken by the French in 1536 and in 1031, when it was stron;;ly lorlilied; its castle was the prison for the Man with the Iron Mask, Kou- quet, and Lauzun. I'incrolo was returned to Savoy in 1690 and its fortifications were de- molished in accordance with the Treaty of Utrecht. PINES, Isi.K OF. An island south of Cuba. See Isuc of Pi.xes. PINES, Isle of. A small island in Melanesia, situated near the southern extremity of Xew Caledonia (q.v.), of which it is a dependency. It has an area of 58 square miles, is mostly bar- ren, except along the coast, and has a population, exclusive of convicts, of about 600 New Cale- donians and a few European settlers. Since 1872 it has been a French penal station. PINE SNAKE, or I?i LL Snake. A large ro- bust colubrine serpent {I'tlyophis mplanoleiicus) of the southerly half of the Lnitcd States, often exceeding six feet in length, and glistening creamy white, bl()t<'lied with dark brown. It de- rives its name from the pine lands in which it is found, emits a strong disagreeable odor, and feeds on eggs, birds, and small mammals. It is harmless, but makes a loud hissing and some- times even bellowing noise, when disturbed, to which fact it owes its name 'bull snake"; but why it should also be called 'thunder-and-light- PING-YANG. HRAD OP PINE 8NAKE. Showing tonnatiou of glottis : H, Hhuath of tongue ; b, epiglottis ; c. glottis. ning snake' is not so easily explained. Three or four similar species and varieties inhabit dry, sandy regions, tlirougliout the interior of the country, especially in the Southwest and in Mexico. These are brighter in color than is the Eastern species. Consult: Cope, Crocodilians, Lizards, and f<nakes (Washington, 1900) : Lock- wood, "The Pine Snake." in Amcricnn Xaturalint, vol. ix. (Boston. 1874); Abbott, A Naturalist's Rdmhlm (New Vork, 1S84). PINE SWIFT. The name in the Northern coast States of the 'fence-lizard' (^celopurus vndiihitus). (See Ali,ig.tor Liz.rd; Fence LiZAim. ) It is very common in the pine woods from New Jersey southward. It is entirely harm- less, and has many most pleasing ways. PINE-TKEE FLAG. A flag used in the Massachusetts Colony as early as 1700, at first red or blue with a pine-tree on the white field, and later white bearing a i)ine-tree in the middle and the motto, "An Appeal to Heaven." This was the Hag carried by the first war-vessels com- missioned by Washington at the beginning of the Kevuhition. PINE-TREE MONEY. Money coined in Jdassachusetts from 1652 to 1682, in the values of a shilling, sixpence, and threepence, so called from the ru<le figure of a pine-tree on one lace, while the otlier bore "New Kiigland."' with the date. The name "Moston' or "Bay' shilling was first used, being changed to 'Pine-tree' in 1680. PINE-TREE STATE. Maine. See States, POIH I.AK Xame.s of. PINEY DAMMAR. See Dammar. PINEY-TREE. An East Indian tree. See Caloi'iiyllum. PINEY VARNISH. See Damm.r. PING-PONG. A modified form of lawn tennis (q.v.) plajcd on a table marked to scale, after the model of a full-sized lawn-tennis court. The bat is usually covered with a thin skin like a battledore, but resembles a lawn-tennis racket in shape, while the ball is generally made of light celluloid. The name ping-pong is a registered trade-mark, the game itself being by many at- tributed to an Englishman, .James Gibh. who in 1891 called public attention to it, under the title 'gossima.' In lUOO tlie name was changed to ping-pong, and under that title enjoyed its greatest vogue. It spread to France and Amer- ica, where for a short season it was very jxipu- lar. Any kind of table may be utilized, but its size should not be less than 5 feet inches by about 3 feet, nor larger than 10 X 5. The regu- lation table is 9 X5, the height of the net, which is stretclied across the middle of the table, be- ing regulated at the ratio of three-fourths of an inch for every foot in the length of the table. The game is for two plaj'crs standing one at each end of the table. The player who first de- livers the ball is called the server and the other the striker out. At the end of each game the striker out becomes the server and vice versa. The service is strictly underhand, delivered from behind the end of the table. The ball served must dro|i on the table top anywhere be- yond the net, and is then in play. If it drops into the net, or oil the table, it counts to the striker out. There is no second service as im lawn tennis, but the system of scoring is the same as in that game. Consult Parker, Ping Pwig (New York, 1902). PIN'GREE, Hazen Senter (1S40-I90I). An American politician, born in Denmark, JIaine, the son of a poor farmer. He worked in a cotton factory at Saco, and in 1800 entered a shoe fac- tory at Hopkinton. Mass., whence he enlisted in IS6"2 in the First ilassacliuselts Ileaiy Artillery. He was cai)tured by Jlosby in 1S64 and im- prisoned at Andcrsonville for a few months. In 1805 he settled in Detroit and stirted the shoe firm of Pingree & Smith. In 18S9 he was elected Mayor of the city on the Republican ticket, and served four terms. In 1896 he got control of the Republican State organization and was elected Governor, and held that office until 1900. P'ING'-YANG' (Korean P'yeng-. Phyong-. or P'yung-Yang). A walled city of Korea, capital of the Province of South Phyting-an, and the
