PIPPI. 52 PIRACY. The entire inlciior is decorated with stucco and frescoes, after Giulio's designs, by his pupils. The great hall has realistic portraits of the Duke'r^ favorite horses, which are epoch-making in animal painting. Most beautiful of all the decorations are those of the second hall, repre- •senliiig the "Storv of Psyche." Two of the orig- inal drawings for this "cycle, preserved in the illa Albani. are. perhaps, his most charming work. Of the remaining rooms the most famous is that in which the ••J'all of the Giants" through .Inpitcr's thnnderboUs is represented in a very realistic manner. The .scenes are not divided by frames or paneling, and the spectator stands in the midst of the catastrophe, which is so realis- ticallv represented as to create the impression that the walls are falling in with the giants. The chief ctiaracteristics of Giulio's Mantuan work are profound aMlicpiarian knowledge ancl a' jironounced tendiiu y toward realism. The action is exaggerated and mannered, and in such fres- coes as the "Fall of the Giants." which greatly inlluenced contemporary painters, it is already IJaroeco. Of his later religious works the most remarkable are the designs for frescoes in Sant' .Andrea, Mantua, and for T(nbido's paintings in the Cathedral of Verona. Of his later easel paintings the ".-doration of the Kings." in the i.ouvre, and the "Madonna della Catina" (Dres- den), in which the Christ child is naively rei)re- senled as being bathed, were executed by his own hand. Pippi was also at the head of all the Duke's engineering undertakings, and in draining the marshes about Mantua he contracted a fever, from which he died at Mantua. Novemlier 1, !.'>4li. just as he was about to return to Rome, after having been apjiointed arehitect-in-chief of l^t. Peter's. Consult D'Arco, [slarUi della vitaet (Idle opere di (liulio I'ipjii (Mantua. 1802). PIPPIN. See Pepin. PIPRA, pl'pra ( Xeo-Lat., from Gk. wiTpa. va- riant fiirni for imru, pipi), woodpecker; other- wise explained as of possilile Soutli Aniericnn origin). One of a group of non-oscinine, pas- serine birds composing the family Pipridie, many of which are also known as ant-birds and as nianakins (q.v.). They are chiefly South .merican. but a few species extend north into Central .inerica and Mexico. They are small birds, resemble titmice in their habits, and seek their food in low bushes and near the grnund. The males are gorgeously colored, with glossy black, scarlet, yellow, and sky-blue; the females are dull greenish or some other incon- spicuous color. They are thick-set birds, usually with short, square tails, and short, broad bills, tJie upper mandible hooked and notched at the tip. The true nianakins (Manacus) have the chin feathers ehmgated like a beard. Pipras are most nearly related to the cotingas, rock cocks, and .American flycatchers (qq.v.). See Plate of COTI-NOAS. PIPSIS'SEWA. .A. small evergreen plant. See WlNTEKl.UKEN. PIQTJA, pik'wa. A city in Miami County, Ohio. 7.3 miles west-northwest of Columbus; on the Miami Kiver anil the Miami and Krie Canal, and at the junction of the Cincinnati. Hamilton and Dayton and the Pittsburg. Cincinnati. Chi- cago and St. Louis railroads (Map: Ohio. B .5). It has the Selimidlapp Free School Library. Piqua is an important industrial centre, noted particularly for its manufactures of linseed oil. There are also large sheet steel mills, iron works, stove and range works, strawboard mills, a furni- ture factory, woolen mills, etc. Good water power for manufacturing is atVorded by the river. Piqua is governed by a mayiu'. elected every two years, and a unicameral council. The water "works are owned and operateil bv the municijial- ity. Population in 18110, i),0!)0;"in HK)0, 12,17;J. PIQUET, pi^'ka' (Fr.. picket, peg). A game of cards, of great antiquity and considerable seientilie possibilities. Us laws, as piiblislied in lloyle's aliort Trealine on the Ciiine of I'iiinel in 1744. remained in force until the adoption of the rules of the Portland Club in 1873. It is played by two persons with a euchre pack. Ace is high- est and counts eleven, the other cards ranking as in whist. After cutting, the dealer gives the two top cards to his adversary, then two to himself, and so on until each has twelve cards. If the hand of either player contains no face card, it is called euric blrjiiche (white card), and he scores 10 at once. The "elder hand" (the non- dealer) must discard one of his cards and take another from stock, but he may discard as many as five and take a like quantity. The younger hand must discard one also and may discard three. The playert then announce the combina- tions of their cards, and each replies according to W'liether he has, or has not, an equal or greater number. "Good," "equal," or "not good." and scores "the point" according to the number of points the rules apportion to his combination. The play then proceeds, the leader of a counting card (ace, king, queen, knave, or ten) counting one for each card led, whether he wins the trick or not, and the winner of each trick leading for the next, as in most card games. The younger hand must, if possible, follow suit. If the leader wins the trick, the opponent counts noth- ing, liiit if he wins the trick he counts one. The winner of the last trick counts two. If one player wins more than half the tricks he adds ten to his count. It he wins all he adds forty. The variations of scoring and play for carte hlaiielie, or a hand of only plain cards. Point, the strongest suit, sequence, quatorze, trio, pique and repique, are too intricate to be described except by the laws of the game, for which consult Cady, Piquet (New York. 1800) ; "Cavendish," The Lairs of Piquet, with a Treatise on the Game (London, 18,82); "Aquarius," Piquet and Crib- huge (London, 1883). PIRACICABA, |iv'r;i-se-kii'ba. A town of the State of Sao Paulo. Brazil, on the left bank of the Piracicaba Ttiver, 273 miles west of Rio de .la- neiro, and on the Sao Paulo-Piracicaba Railway (Map: Brazil, H 8). The town carries on a brisk trade in cofTee and sugar and utilizes the water power of the river for milling purposes. Its population in 1804 was about oOOO. PIRACY (ilL. piratia. from Lat. piralirn. piracy, feni. sg. of piratiens, from Gk. iretpariK^!, priratilos, relating to a pirate, from Gk.Tre/por^s, piirnles, pirate, one who attacks or tries, from Trupdv, priran, to attempt, attack, from iritpa, prim, attempt, attack; connected with rdpos. poms, passage. Skt. par. to cross, and ultimately with Kng. fare). Robbery on the high seas direct- ed against the whole body of civilized States, rather than against any particular State. The
