BEICHARDT. 807 EEICHSTADT. of Agricola, he obtained the position of Kapell- meister at Berlin. During an extended leave of absence in London and Paris (1785 to 1786) he brought out his Passion music (after Metastasio) in both cities. He was commissioned to write two operas, Tamerlan and Panthee, for the Grand Opera; but the death of Frederick II. made it necessary for him to return at once to Berlin and the operas were not produced. Under Frederick William II., he was permitted to in- crease the orchestra and obtain new singers from Italy, but later was suspended for three years and finally dismissed in 1794, on account of his sympathy with the French Revolution. Upon the death of the King he returned to Berlin, but the French occupation, in 1806, drove him back to Kiinigsberg. Jerome Bonaparte, however, forced him to return, and appointed him Kapellmeister at Cassel. He composed numerous German and Italian operas, incidental music to plays, and Singsi>iele which had considerable influence on the development of German opera. As a song com- poser he ranks high. He set abovit 60 of Goethe's lyrics to music. He published : Leber die deutsche komische Oper. Briefe eines aufmerksamen Reisen- den, die ilusik betreffend (1774-76) ; Studien fiir Tonkiinstler mid llusikfreunde (1793) ; Ver- traute Briefe aus Paris ( 1804-05) ; and Vertraute Briefe, geschrieben auf einer Reise naeh TTien ( 1810) , all of which are of permanent value. For his life consult Schletterer (Augsburg, 1865-68). KEICHENBACH, rl'Ken-baG. A town in Silesia, Prussia, 32 miles southwest of Breslau ( Map : Prussia, G 3 ) . It has an old castle, and a Realgj-nmasium. It manufactures cotton and woolen fabrics, wagons, and sausages. A con- vention was concluded here between Austria and Prussia in 1790 by which the two powers agreed to respect the integrity of Tiirkey and Poland respectively. Population, in 1900. 15,052. KEICHENBACH. A town in the Kingdom of Saxony, Germany, 56 miles by rail south of Leipzig (Map: Germany, E 3). It has a new town hall, a commercial school, and a Realschule. There are wool mills, dve works, and machine shops. Population, in 1900, 24,498. KEICHENBACH, K.bl. Baron von (1788- 1869). A German naturalist and technologist, born at Stuttgart. He was educated at the Uni- versity of Tubingen. He established iron works at Villingen and kilns for the production of char- coal at Hausaeh. His researches in connection with the manufacture of charcoal led him to study the products of destructive di.stillation of organic bodies in general, and he was the first to obtain creosote and paraffin. In 1821, in connec- tion with Count Hugo zu Salm, he founded the iron works at Blansko, in Moravia, and took charge personally of their superintendence. This posi- tion afforded him valuable opportunities for orig- inal research, and his numerous observations and inventions have proved of great value to science and art. His name is also connected with what he thought to be the discovery of a new force of nature, an account of which may be found under Od. His principal publications include: Geolo- gisehe Mitteilungeii aus ilihren (1834); Physi- kalisch-physiologisclie Vntersuchungen iiber die Dynamide des .iagnetismiis, der Elecfricitiit, etc., in ihren Beziehiingen ziir Lebenskraft (1849: trans, into English). Consult Schrdtter, Karl Freiherr von Reichenbach (Vienna, 1869). REICHENBERG, ri'Ken-berK. An important indu>uial town in the Crowiiland of Bohemia, Austria, situated on the Xeisse, 52 miles north- east of Prague (Map: Austria, D 1). It is a well-built town with a number of interesting churches, of which the Kreuzkirche, built at the end of the seventeenth century, contains an altar- piece by Albert Durer, a sixteenth-century pal- ace, belonging to the counts of Clam-Gal'las, a new Rathaus, and a number of monuments. The educational institutions of the town comprise a technical school, a higher gjmnasium, a semiuarv for teachers, a textile .school, a municipal theatre, and an industrial museum. The textile industry — of which Reichenbcrg is one of the principal centres in Austria-Hungarj' — was introduced into the town as early as the beginning of the fifteenth century, and Reichenberg, together with a num- ber of adjacent villages, produces now cloth, car- pets, and various kinds of woolen and cotton goods on a very large scale. Reichenberg contains also the immense meat and malt extract works of Liebig & Co. Population, in 1890, 30,890; in 1900, 34,204, chiefly Germans. REICHENHALL, rl'Kcn-hal. A town and watering-place in the Kingdom of Bavaria, Ger- many, picturesquely situated amid lofty moun- tains, on the Sallach, eight and a half miles south- west of Salzburg ( Map : Germany, E 5 ) , It is the centre of the Bavarian salt works (the largest in Germany). The saline baths, famous since the eighth century, are the most important in the German Alps. Population, in 1895, 4193. REICHERSBERG, riK'ers-berK, Geruoh vox. See Geriioh or Gebuoch vox Reichebsberg. REICHMANN, riK'man,TnE0DOR ( 1849-1903 ) . A German dramatic barytone, bom at Rostock. He was educated musically under Elsler, Mantius, Ress, and Lamperti, and soon became famous for his voice, which was of a very dramatic quality. He sang in .several important theatres of Ger- many and Austria, and from 1882 to 1889 he was a member of the A'ienna Court opera. One of his most famous achievements was his creation of the part of Amfortas at the Bayreuth festival. In 1889-90 he sang in German opera in New York, after which he returned to Vienna. REICHSRAT, riKs'rat. (1) The national legislative assembly of the Austrian (Cisleithan) half of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. !>ee AusTRiA-HfXGABY. (2) The Upper House of the Bavarian Parliament (Landtag). See Bav.ri.. REICHSTADT, riK'stat, NAPOLfiox Fb.vx- cois Charles .Joseph Boxapabte. Duke of ( 1811- 32). The only child of Napoleon I. and the Empress Maria Louisa, sonict lines known as Na- poleon II. He was born in Paris, ifarch 20, 1811. The infant prince was proclaimed King of Rome and baptized on June 9 in the Cathedral of Notre Dame, by Cardinal Fcseh. .fter the battle »l Waterloo Napoleon abdicated in favor of his son, but the Senate took no notice of Napoleon II., and called Louis XV] II. to occupy the French throne, whereupon Maria Louisa and her child removed to the palace of Schilnbrunn, near Vien- na, where they remained till the Treaty of Vienna had rearranged the affairs of Europe. Maria Louisa then proceeded to take possession of the Duchy of Parma, while her son continued to reside at the Austrian Court with his grami- father, Francis 1. 1^^' >'■ Imi»>riai patent, dated
