BIMMER. 155 RING. licad, "Saint Stephen," Osiris," The Falling Gladiator," and a statue of Alexander Hamilton (Boston).- He pulilislied a volume on the IJtc- viriits vf Design (18G4). RIMMON. The name of a Syrian deity who had a temple in Damascus, according to 11. Kings V. xviii. The word also occurs in proper names, although in such cases it is frequently dif- ficult to decide between the name of the god ami tlie word for pomegranate (Hel)., rimmOii). Rim- mun is now identified with the Baliylono-Assyrian storm-god Ramman, who is also thought to be the same as the Syrian Hadad. See Hadad; Ramman. RIM'SKY-KOR'SAKOFF, Xicholas Axdbe- Yi;viTcii (1S44 — ). A Russian nuisieian and com- poser, born at Tikhvin, in the Government of Novgorod. He became connected with the vari- ous important national musical organizations, and threw his influence toward the encourage- ment and development of a national Russian music. With Balakireff he was conductor of the Imperial Orchestra and the Russian Symphony concerts. His compositions, which are permeated with the Russian spirit, include operas, sympho- nies, church music, and arrangements of Russian folk-songs. He also wrote an important theoreti- cal treatise on harmony. RINALBO, re-nal'do (Fr. Rcnaud, ReffiiauU) . The bravest of the sons of Aymon ( q.v. ) . He figures prominently in the Orlando Furioso, Or- hiiido Innamoralo, Genisalennne Liberata, Re- nattd de ilontauhan, and other early romances, French and Italian. RINALDO RINALDINI, re'nal-de'ne. A noted robber romance by Christian August Vul- pius (1798). which was translated into many languages. It is the prototype of innumerable romances in the same field. A revised edition by Gildemeister appeared in 1890. RINDFLEISCH, rint'flish, Georg Eduard vox ( 1830 — ) . A German pathologist, born in Kij- then and educated at Heidelberg and Wurzburg. In 1856 he went to Berlin to work under Vir- chow, and in 1861 became Heidenhain's assistant in histology at the University of Breslau. After a short stay in Zurich he became professor at Bonn in 1865 and in 1874 at Wurzburg, where a splendid pathological institute was built under his direction. He studied especially the diseases of the skin, and urged the scrofulous character of pulmonary tuberculosis. Rindfleisch's chief writings are Lehrbuch der patlwlor/ischen Ocwebelehrc (1866-69) and Elemente dcr' I'atho- lof/ie (188.3), which were both translated into French. RINE'HART, William Henry (18'25-74). An American sculptor, born near Union Bridge, Carroll County, Md. He did his first work as a sculptor while a stone-cutter in a quarry on his father's farm. In 1855 he went to Florence, Italy, and in 1857 he returned to Baltimore, where he executed numerous busts and the two statuettes, an "Indian" and a "Backwoodsman," which act as supports for the clock in the House of Representatives. He returned to Italy in 1858, settling at Rome, where he died. In 187'2 his marble statue of Chief Justice Taney was erected at Annapolis : there is a replica in Mount Ver- non Square, Baltimore. He also completed the gieat bronze doors of the Capitol at Washington, Vol. XVII.— 11 which Crawford left untinisheil at his dentil. His works may best be studied in the Cor an Art (Jallery, Washington, and in the I'eabody Institute, Baltimore. The former possesses hi8 "Atalanta, "Latona and Her Children," "Diana," "Apollo," "Eiidymion." and "Rebecca;" in the latter aie the works left in the .sculptor's studio at his death, and his "Clytie Forsaken by Apol- lo," which is considered his masterpiece." At his death he bei|ueathed his propertv to two trustees. W. T. Walters and B. F. Newcomer, by whose skillful management it was augmiMiteil to $100,000. The administration of this fund was then given over to the Peabody Insti- tute. Scholarships for the encouragement of young sculptors in Paris and Rome were estab- lished and in other ways the art of sculpture was promoted. RING (AS. hring, OHG. hring, ring. Gcr. Ring, ring; connected either with OChureh Slav. krangii, circle, or with Gk. xpiKoi, krikos, ring, or Skt. sri'tkhala, chain). In the arts, a solid bar returning into itself, or a more llexible body of similar general form, always of comparatively small cross-measurement. The finger-ring is the most important form. The form worn in ancient times was especially the signet-ring; and this was often worn with a string going through the stone and around the finger. To replace this string by a gold or silver oi' bronze wire was an obvious convenience. When once the signet-ring was established in popular favor It became so nnicli a matter of course that bronze, or even cheaper material, was used, while the signet was often made of glass. It was also an obvious resource to engrave upon the metal cliaton witliout in- serting any stone whatever. (Sold signet -rings of this entirely metallic sort are common lioth in the collections of antique and those of recent Ori- ental finger-rings. Several rings made entirely of glass have been found in the islands of the Mediterranean, and the central gem, the chaton, is often >a glass cameo, either really cut with the drill and wheel, or a mere cast of an original. The connection of the finger-ring with tlu' mar- riage ceremony is not essentially a Christian custom, having been practiced by the Jews, and also among pagan peoples, like the Norsemen. The ring is blessed by the priest and placed upon the third finger, from which a vein is supposed to go directly to the heart. The divided ring, so arranged that one person could wear it, and that it might also be divided into two complete rings, has been used for be- trothals. Other finger-rings are made which consist of several hoops linked together .sn that they cannot be separated, but will drop into a chain, and are then capable of being brought to- gether and worn, although it is a puzzle to fit them into place. Many savage tribes, and semi-civilizod peoples, as in India, load tlie limbs, fingers, and even the toes with rings. They are often mentioned in the Bible as being used by the Jews and other Oriental peoples, not only for sealing and pur- poses of ornament, Init as talismans to avert evil and bring good. The Mohammedans today wear rings inclosing verses from the Koran. Egj'p- tian rings were often engraved with an image of the scarab. In Greece every freeman wore a ring of gold, silver, or brass, except the Spartans, who wore rings of iron. The latter custom pre-
