SAINT-DENIS. 440 SAINTE-BEUVE. first Bishop of Paris, about a.d. 275. Dagobert was buried in the church, which became the mausoleum of the kings of France. The edifice was rebuilt in the twelfth century. By decree of the National Convention of 17U3, the abbey was ordered to be destroyed, the royal tombs were demolished, and the bodies removed. The build- ing was mvieh ilanuiged, strijjped of its roof, and for some time was used as a cattle market. Ke- stored under Napoleon 1., and succeeding govern- ments, it regained and even surpassed its former splendor vmder the complete restorati(m effected by Vi(illet-le-Due during the Third Knipire. and is now considered one of the finest of Gothic monuments. The restored royal monuments, the high anil other altars, the lofty nave lighted by thirty-seven handsomely blazdiied windows, the elegant triforiuni, and the radiating choir chapel are aiiumg its chief features. Adjoining the church is the extensive national Maison d'Educa- tion de la Legion d'Honneur, founded by Napole- on I., for the free education of the daughters and other female relatives of officers of the Legion of Honor. There are cotton mills, dye works, bleach- eries, chemical works, and flour mills. The yearly market, at which there is an annual sale of about 180,000 sheep, is one of the oldest in France, and lasts for a fortnight. Population, in 1901, 00,808. SAINT-DENIS. The capital of the French island of Kcuiiion (q.v.), situated on the north- western coast (Map: Africa, K 7). It has an exposed roadstead and contains a museum, a theatre, and barracks. Population, in 1899, 32,- 850, chiefly French Creoles. SAINT-DIE, dya. An episcopal city and the capital of an arrondissement in the Department of Vosges, France. 31 miles southeast of Lun6- ville, on the ileurthe River (ilap: Fiance. N 3). It is attractively situated in the midst of pic- turesque mountain scenery, and, with the excep- tion of the eastern iiortion, is regularly laid out. The cathedral, dating from the eleventh century, is a composite of Gothic and Romanesque. Other features of the city include an eighth-century Romanesque church, the Canons' House, dating from 15.57, the seventeenth-century episcopal palace, the museum, public library, the monu- ment to .Jules Ferry, born at Saint-Di#, and the park, extending along the bank of the river. Saint-Die has important lumber interests and is also engaged in weaving and the manufacture of luisicry, tiling, etc. A monastery was estab- lished here in the sixth century by Saint Deoda- tus. from whom the city derives its name. Popu- lation, in 1901, 21,481. SAINT-DIZIEE,, de'zya'. A town in the De- partment of Haute-Marne, 58 miles northeast of Troyes, on the Marne River, and on the Marne- et-Saone Canal (Map: France, L 3). It has a college, a museum, and a public library. In- dustrially the town ranks very high. It is especially noted for its extensive iron and steel manufactures, and large lumber interests. Ship- building is also a prominent industry. Popula- tion, in 1901, 14,601. SAINTE-ALDEGONDE. saNt'al'de-gONd', Phiup von AIaemix, Baron. A Flemish states- man. See Markix. SAINTE ANNE DE BEADTBE, Fr. pron. BiNt iLn de bi'pra'. A celebrated pilgrim resort of Montmorency County, t^uebec, Canada, at the confluence of the Sainte Anne Kiver with the Saint Lawrence River, on the north bank (Map; Quebec, F 3). It is connected with tjucbec, 21 miles to the southwest, by the Quebec, .Montmorency and Charlevoix Railway. The Church of Sainte Anne is a fine building; it dates from 1870 and was created a basilica by Papal decree in 1887. It eon- tains relics of Sainte Anne, which have reputed miraculous powers. The shrine is visited by theu- sanils of pilgrims annually, the number on the saint's feast day, July 20, in 1898, amounting to 125,000. Sainte Anne was founded about l()2(j by Breton mariners; the ancient church dating from 1058, rebuilt and restored in 1878, is an interest- ing edifice near the modern basilica. The pictur- esque Falls of Sainte Anne (130 feet high), the Falls of Saint FOr^ol, and the Sainte Anne Mountains (2685 feet high) are prominent fea- tures in the neighborhood. Population (esti- mated), 1000. SAINTE-iJEDVE, .siiNfbev'. Charles Au- GUSTIN (1804-69). A French critic and essayist. He was born at Boulogne-sur-iler. December 23, 1804. He was educated at Boulogne and at the College Charlemagne in Paris, studied medicine (1824-27), and served in the Saint Louis Hos- pital (1828). Beginning in 1824, he contributed literary articles, the Premiers lundis of his collected 'Works, to the Globe newspaper, and in 1827 he came, through a review of Hugo's Odes et ballades, into close relations with that poet and the Cenacle (q.v.). As a justification of the Romantic movement he published in 1828 a Tableau de la poesie fran<;aise au XVIeme siecle, and in 1829 and 1830 two volumes of subtle and ingenious though rather morbid poetry, the Vie et poisies de Joseph Delorme and the Consola- tions. He contributed also, in 1830, to the Revue de Paris, the first of his famous literary Caiise- ries. The Revolution of 1830 brought him under new influences. Religious questionings were fos- tered by intimacy with Lamennais and his unrest is witnessed by his solitary novel, Yohipti (1834), and by his lectures on Port- Royal, delivered at Lausanne (1837) and ex- panded during the next twenty years into five volumes (1840-60), of which the first and second show sympathy with Jansenism and the latter three the objectivity of an unbiased critic. At Lausanne, under the cherished influence of Vinet, Sainte-Beuve wrote his last volume of verse, the Pensees d'aoiit. Then a visit to Italy clarified his mind, and from 1840 he appears wholly mas- ter of himself, as a 'naturalist of minds.' An appointment as Keeper of the Mazarin Library (1840) secured him scholarly leisure, and for 8 years he contributed regularly literary studies to the Pevtie des Deux Mondes. In 1845 he was elected to the French Academy, and during the turmoil of 1848 he lectured at Li?ge on Cha- teaubriand et son groupe littrrairc (1800). In 1849 he returned to Paris and began his series of Monday chats (Causeries du lundi) in the Constittitionnel. These are collected in 28 volumes, 15 of Causeries du lundi and 13 of Nouvcauio hindis. Longer studies in the reviews are gath- ered itnder the titles Critiques et portraits. Por- traits eonfcmporains, and Portraits de femmes. When Napoleon became Emperor he made Sainte- Beuve professor of Latin poetry at the CoU&ge de France, but the anti-Imperialist students
