SANTA MAURA. 559 SANTA ROSA. nmiia, from which it is sepanitcd by a passage aliout a mile wiJc (Map: Uipet-e, B 3). .Viva, 101) sijuaio iiiik'S. It is traversed from north to south hy a range of hills whieh end at the south- ern extremity in high white clilVs. The inhabit- ants, who nuniljered .'il.TO'J in 1890, are engaged ehietiy in lishing and the manufacture of salt. Chief town, . iaxiehi (q.v.). SANTANA, san-Ul'na, I^kduo (1801-01). A i'resideiit of Santo Domingo, liorn at lliiieha. In 1844, when Juan I'alilo Duarte rebelled against Haitian rule, Santana inllicted upon the Haiti- ans a crushing defeat at Azua that practically decided the war. Soon afterwards he was pro- claimed supreme chief of Ihe Dominican Kepuhlic, and upon Ihi' organization of a rcgulargoverninent he was elected its first I'residcid. In 1848 he was succeeded by .Tinienes. .t the time of the Haitian invasion under Soulouque (See FAr.STiN I.), in 1840, Santana with a force of scarcely 400 routed Soulouijue's force of 4000. He then defeated Jiniencs and for a time ruled as dictator. In 1853 he was again elected chief magistrate. During this administration he repidled another invasion of the Haitians. In 1850 he was, dcjirived of power and succeeded by Baez. Hi 1858, howev('r. Baez was driven into exile and Santana again be- came President. In March. 1801, practically on his own authority, he ceded Santo Donungo to Spain. He was appointed Captain-(!eneral, but soon resigned. Hi August, 1803, when an illiterate peasant organized the relKdlion whieh finally swept the Spaniards from the island. San- tana went to the city of Santo Domingo and of- fered his services in vain to the Spanish authori- ties. His death occurred only a few months be- fore Spain acknowledged the regained independ- ence of Santo Domingo. SANTANDER, siin'tiin-d.-ir'. The capital of the Province of Santander in Olil Castile, and one of the jirincipal seaports of Northern Spain. It is eharmingl.v situated on the north shore of a land-locked inlet of the Bay of Biscay (Map: Spain, D 1 ) . There are few buildings of interest except the old Gothic cathedral dating from the thirteenth century. The tow'n has a ])rovincial high school, a normal and a nautical school, and a theological seminary. On the beach of Sardi- nero are hotels and bathing establishments. The fisheries are important, and there are salt- ing and pickling establishments, sugar and oil refineries, iron foundries, and manufaetunt's of glass, candles, soap, perfumes, sulphuric acid and other chemicals, and cotton goods. The harbor is spacious and deep and provided with ship yards and extensive wharves, accessible for the largest ships and recentl.v improved and enlarged. The chief exports are iron ore, of which 400,!1!10 tons were exporteQ in 1808, preserved food, flour, paper, wine, and manufactured articles. Popu- lation, in 1887, 42,125; in 1900, 54,346. ' SANTANDER. A department of Colombia, South America, bounded by Venezuela on thc^ north (Map: Columbia, "C 2). Area, 16,- 409 square miles. It is traversed by the East- em Cordillera of the Andes, and the greater part of its surface is mountainous. In the plains along the Magdalena are cultivated sugar, cacao, coffee, tobacco, and cotton. Gold, silver, and other minerals are mined to some extent. The population was estimated in 1896 at 500,000. Capital, Bucaiamanga (q.v.). SANTANDER, Francisco de Paula (1792- 1S40J. A South .inerican statesman, born at Kosario de (Ticula, New (iranada. Immeilialidy upon the proclamation of independence in 1810 Santander joined the patriots and foughi under Narifio and Bolivar, and was on Bolivar's staff in 1817-18. He was promoted to the rank of general of divison at the battle of Bozaea in 1819 and was appointed by liolivar Vieel'resident of the State of Cundinaniarea, and in 1821 was (dected Vice- President of ('(dombia. lie was re- elected in 1827, and during Holivar's repeal<'d absences ruh'd the country with wisdom and decision. .fteiwards he opposed |{<divar and was condemned to dciith for supposed eoinplieity in a conspiracy to murder him. Santander's sen- tence was changed to exile, and he remained abroad until his election to tbi! Presidency of New (iranaila in 1832. His admiiiisliation was beneficial, and after his term ended in 1830 he was twice elected to Congress. He wrote Apun- tamirnto i>iira la.t iii(iii()ri<is di; I'olomJiia y Xiu'fii (j'raiKKlii (18371. SANT' ANGELO, Casti.e or. See Haui{i. , Tojll! 01'". SANTAREM, si^N'tJ■^-l•!^•'. A river-port of Portugal, capital of the District of Santarcin, on the right bank of the Tagus. 40 miles northeast of Lisbon (Map: Portugal, . 3). It <'arries on an active trade in wine and olive oil with Lis- bon. Population, in 1900, 8704. Santarcni was formerlv an important fortified place. SANTAREM. A town of the State of ParS, Brazil, 440 miles west of the city of that name, on the right bank of the TapajY)s, near its con- fluence with the ."Vniazon (Map: Brazil. G 4). It controls the rubber trade of the Tapajiis. The rich agricultural and pastoral region also pro- duces cacao. Near Sautarein is an agricultural colonv c(miposed of emigrants from the Southern United States. Population, in 1889, about 4500. SANTA RITTA DURAO, siiN'ta ilt'tA <loo- rou.', .losl^: da (17.'i7-84), , .South .uierican poet, born near Marianua, Jliuas Gcraes, Brazil. He studied in the .Jesuit College at Kio de Janeiro and at the University of ("oimbra. and entered the Order of Saint Augustine at Leira. Afterwards he lived in Rome and about 1778 re- turned to (Joimbra as professor of theology, and prior of his Order. His most important work is the epic Ciirumttnl (1781), a description of the discovery and colonization of Bahia by Diego Alvares. SANTA ROSA, s-in'ta ro'sa. . town of the department of the same name. (Juatemala. 30 miles southeast of the caidtal. It is an extensive live-stock centre and the district produces sugar, coffee, and grains. Its climate is far from salubrious, since undrained areas are near. Pop- ulation, ab<mt 0300. SANTA ROSA. The capital of the Depart- ment of Copau, Honduras, 150 miles northwest of Tegucigalpa (Map: Central -America. 3). It has a college. Gold, silver, and copper mines are near: tobacco, coffee, sugar, and grain are produced in abundance. Population, about 0700. SANTA ROSA. The county-seat of Sonoma County, Cal.. 52 miles north of San Francisco, on the Southern Pacific and the California North- western railroads (Miip: California, B 2). It is the seat of the Pacific Methodist College (Metli-
