TEHEBAN. 88 octagon, inclosing "V'a square miles, and having twelve gates. Several broad, handsome boule- vards have been laid out, and are lighted by gas, and a beginning has been made in the Western style of areliitecture. The sanitary conditions have likewise become improved. The bazaars are the centre of life. There are seven miles of tramways, and a railroad to Shah-Abdul-Azim, six miles south of the capital. The 'Ark' or forti- fied palace of the Shah, in the northern quarter of Teheran, contains prisons, a military school, beautiful gardens, baths, kiosks, and several other handsome buildings, including the harem. The wealthy citizens dwell in elaborate and costly establishments with lovely gardens, tiny ponds, and ventilating towers. The town has a library, founded in 18.50, a normal school, a mili- tary college, and Kings' College, a polytechnic school, dating from 1849, with European profes- sors, where Arabic, English, French, and Russian, mathematics, telegraphy, engineering, military tactics, music, and painting are taught. To some of the many mosques are attached 'iladrasahs' (colleges). The mosque called JIasjid-i-Shah (mosque of the King) with a beautiful enameled facade, and the Masjid-i-Madar-i-Shah (mosque of the King's mother) deserve mention. There are many baths, ilohammedan and Arme- nian, the Europeans using the latter. During the summer, on account of the unhealthfulness of the town and the intolerable heat, the embassies, as w'ell as the wealthier inhabitants, move to the slopes of the neighboring mountains. Water is furnished b.y numerous underground watercourses leading from the mountains. The supply, however, is not regulated, because of the private ownership of many of these canals. The town accordingly suffers from a lack of water in summer and has a superfluity in winter. Irrigation is thus provided for, however, and the surrounding country has been made highly pro- ductive, Teheran manufactures cotton, linen, carpets, shoes, hats, and ironwork, but is not a leading centre of manufacturing. It has, how- ever, an important general caravan trade. An excellent highway 217 miles long, constructed by Russian capital, and completed in 1899, extends from Resht on the Caspian to Teheran, To the south lie the ruins of Rei, the birthplace of Harun-al-Rashid, known in the time of Alex- ander the Great as Ragse, the Rhages of Scrip- ture, the capital of Parthia. The population varies from 160,000 in summer to 250,000 in winter. This includes 500 Europeans, 4000 Armenians, and 4000 Jews. There is a Catholic mission school. Teheran, according to Morier, is the Tahors of the Theodosian Tablets. TEHRI, til're, or, more properly, Garhwal. A native State of British India included terri- torially in the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. It borders upon Tibet, and lies wholly within the Himalayas, around the sources of the Ganges, being a highly elevated and rugged moun- tain region. Area, 4180 square miles. Popula- tion, in 1901, 268.885. Capital, Tehri. TEHTTANTEPEC, ta-wiin'ta-pfk', IsTHitU.s OF, The narrowest portion of Mexico as well as of the American continent north of Costa Rica, It stretches in an east and west direction be- tween the Gulf of Campeachy. an arm of the Gulf of Mexico west of Yucatan, on the north, and the Gulf of Tehuantepec, an arm of the Pa- TEIGNMOTJTH. cific Ocean, on the south. Its least width, from Coatzacoalcos to the head of the Lago Superior, is 120 miles. The plateaus of ilexico and Guate- mala are here separated by a depression falling to an altitude of 680 feet. This fact as well as the geographical position of the isthmus has led to numerous schemes for some means of inter- oceanie communication at this point, including projects for a ship canal. (See Traxs-i.stii- MiAN Canals.) A railroad across the isthmus Avas completed by the Jlexican Government in 1894, and recently large sums have lieen ex- pended upon it in order to bring it up to the needs of a great traffic. TEHXJELCHE, ta-wel'cha. A general term for several different Patagonian tribes, who are, however, probalily closcl.v related. There is some evidence that the Tehuelches are immigrants from the more northern portions of South America, but their origin is still doubtful. W'ithin recent years the encroachments of Europeans and Gaucho mixed-bloods have driven the Tehuelches far to the south until now they occupy a rela- tively small territory between the Strait of Ma- gellan and the Santa Cruz River. They are noted chiefly for their very tall stature, being often considered the tallest of human races. Ac- curate observations on this point are few, but it is probable that the average stature of male Tehuelches is not far from 1.75 m. They are also very brachy cephalic in head form. In cul- ture they are low. Consult: Masters, At Home with the Patagonians (London, 1871) ; Lista, Viage al pais de Tehuelches (Buenos Ayres, 1878), TEIGNMOTJTH, tin'muth. A seaport and watering place on the south coast of Devonshire, England, situated on the English Channel, at the jnouth of the Teign, 15 miles south of Exeter (Map: England, C 6). The harbor is safe and commodious, though difficult of entrance. There is a considerable sea and river fishery. An aver- age of 1200 vessels clear the port annually. The town received a market grant from Henry III. It was burnt by the Danes in 970 and by the French in 1340 and 1690. Population, in 1901, 8636. TEIGNMOUTH, John Shore, First Baron (1751-1834). An Anglo-Indian statesman. He was born in London, was educated at Harrow, and in 1700 entered the civil service of the East India Company, From 1775 to 1780 he was a member of the revenue coimcil at Calcutta, and was appointed by Warren Hastings one of the committee of revenue which superseded the coun- cil. After a visit to England in 1785-86 he re- turned to India in 1787 as a member of the supreme council of Bengal. The organization of the revenue and judicial systems of Bengal and the measure on Zamindari proprietorship of the soil which was ratified by Lord Cornwallis. were largely due to Shore's initiative, and on Corn- wallis's retirement in 1793 Shore was made Governor-General of India. He was created a baronet in 1792. On his retirement in 179S he was raised to the peerage as Baron Teignmouth. He was the first president of the British and Foreign Bible Society from 1804 imtil his death. He wrote Memo-irs of the Life, Writings, and Correspondence of Sir William Jones (1804). Consult Teignmouth, Life and Correspondence of
