WATERING-POT SHELL. 340 WATERLOO. are recognized, all Oriental, and many strangely cultural region, and manufactures woolen goods, distorted The frills around the upper edge of the wagons, pianos, organs, coke, yeast, flour, lumber, shell stick out of the sand in which the remainder etc. The Library and Historical Society has a is buried and exhibit stages of growth. Other collection of over 6000 volumes. There are pub- species are borers in rock, coral, or timber; and. lie parks. Population, in 1890, 4350; in 1900, another prominent genus is Gastrocha-na. in which 425tj the valves are not included in the wall of the sheath. WATER-LEMON. See Gbanadilla. WATER-LILY, Poxd-Lily. Popular names for species of the genus Xymphaja, of the natural order Nympha-ace*. The species, of which there are about thirty, are natives of temperate and tropical climates and are all perennial, aquatic herbs. They have rootstocks or tubers, which are imbedded in the mud at the bottoms of ponds and shallow, sluggish streams; floating, usually rounil leaves, and usually showy flowers of many tints, ranging from white to red, yellow and .blue. On account of their beauty and the fragrance of some species, they have long been favorite plants in water gardens", and a large number of hybrids and varieties have been produced. The starchy seeds and rootstocks are used for food in many parts of Africa, Asia, Australia, and tropical America. The essentials of water-lily culture are rich alluvial mud at the bottom of a shallow pond, plenty of light, and selection of kinds that are hardy in the climate. Some may be allowed to freeze, but as a rule the pond should be deep enough to prevent freezing solid, at least where the lily roots are. Tender kinds ma.v be kept in tubs, which can be sunk in the pond for the sum- mer and stored in a greenhouse during winter. They must be well supplied with rich soil each year. See Colored Plate of Aquatic Plants. WATER-LILY FAMILY. See Ntmph.ea- CE.E. WATERLOO, w.a'ter-loo'. The county-seat of Blackhawk County, Iowa, .53 miles northwest of Cedar Ka])iils, on the Red Cedar River, and on the Illinois Central, the Chicago Great Western, the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific, and other railroads (Map: Iowa, E 2). It is well laid out and has wide streets. Four parks — Cedar River. Sans Souci, Grant, and Lincoln — and a public library are among tshe prominent features. Waterloo is the shipping centre of a section en- gaged in farming, dairying, and stock-raising, and having valuable limestone deposits. It also carries on a large jobbing and wholesale trade and has considerable industrial importance. There are beef and pork packing and corn-can- ning establishments, brick yards, and manufac- tories of concrete work, gasoline engines, well drills, refrigerators, cigars, flour, creamery sup- plies, and foundry and machine-shop products. The Illinois Central Railroad maintains extensive repair and construction shops here. Under the charter of 1874, the government is vested in a mayor, elected every two years, and a unicameral council. The majority of the subordinate oflicials are chosen by the council. Waterloo was settled in 18.50, and was incorporated in 1850. Popula- tion, in 1890, 0074; in 1900, 12,580. WATERLOO. One of the county-seats of Seneca County, N. Y., 45 miles west by south of Syracuse, on the Seneca River and the Cayuga and Seneca Canal, and on the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad (Map: New York D 3). It is surrounded by a productive agri- WATERLOO, Battle of. The decisive bat- tle, the culmination of a series of engagements constituting a brief campaign, which finally an- nihilated the power of Napoleon. It was fought June 18, 1815, about two miles from the village of Waterloo, in Belgium, and twelve miles south of Brussels. Napoleon escaped from Elba at the close of February and made his entry into Paris on March 20th. His professed devotion to peace made no impression upon the Allies, who suspended negotiations at Vienna {see Vienna, Congres.s of) to prepare for a re- newal of the struggle. Napoleon made the best preparation possible to recover and hold his empire, but although he was able to count on paper an army of over 500,000 men, there were Init 198,000 actually ready for service when the decisive moment arrived. Opposed to him were the English, Dutch, Belgian, and Hanoverian forces, with those of Brunswick and Nassau, all commanded by the Duke of Wellington, and those of Prussia, Saxony, and other smaller Ger- man States, under the veteran Marshal Bliicher. These two armies were distributed in the Belgian Netherlands, Wellington having his headquar- ters at Brussels and Bliicher at Nainur. The Austrians gathered an army on the eastern frontier of France, which was to be joined by the Russian contingent, the united force to be commanded by Prince Schwarzenberg. Napoleon intended to follow the tactics of rapid and ag- gressive action that had won him his early suc- cesses. He planned to destroy his enemies on the north before the Austrian and Russian forces could be made effective and to dispose of Well- ington and Bliicher separately. He would con- centrate near Charleroi, and expected to meet the Germans first, counting on Bliicher's ag- gressive character to bring him into action be- fore the more deliberate Wellington. The forces under Wellington were distributed in numerous cantonments, covering a considerable area about Brussels and to the west of the highway lead- ing south from that city. They had the seacoast for their base by way of Antwerp and Ostend. The Rhine, by way of Li&ge and Maestricht, was Bliicher's base. Thus if either army met with reverses compelling it to fall back on its base the Allies would be separated, and Napoleon seems to have expected l).v attacking Bliicher on the right of that general's line to bring about such a result. The French forces on the eve of the campaign, exclusive of non-combatants, consisted of 124,588 „„.„_80,415 infantry, 23,595 cavalry, and 11,- 578 artillery with 344 guns. They Avere dis- tributed as follows: First Corps (D'Krlon), 19,- 939 men; Second Corps (Reille), 24.3(J1 ; Third Corps (Vandamme), 19,100: Fourth Corps (G(5rard), 15,095; Sixth Corps (Lobau), 10,4(15: Imperial Guard (the commander, Marshal Mortier, being ill, orders were given through the adjutant-general, Drouot), 20,884; reserve cav- alry (Grouchy, four corps, with horse artillery), 13,784. There seems to have been uncertainty up to the last minute regarding the wing com
