George Washington and the Revolutionary Cause, and John
Marrant's St. John's Day eulogy to the “Brothers of African
Lodge No. 459" delivered at Boston in 1789. Here too were
Lemuel Haynes' Vermont commentaries on the American
Revolution and his learned sermons to his white congregation
in Rutland, Vermont, and the sermons of the year 1808 by the
Rev. Absalom Jones of St. Thomas Church, Philadelphia, and
Peter Williams of St. Philips, New York, pioneer Episcopal
rectors who spoke out in daring and influential ways on the
Abolition of the Slave Trade. Such things and many others
are more than mere items of curiosity: they educate any receptive mind.
Reinforcing these were still rarer items of Africana and foreign Negro interest, the volumes of Juan Latino, the best Latinist of Spain in the reign of Philip V, incumbent of the chair of Poetry at the University of Granada, and author of Poems printed there in 1573 and a book on the Escurial published 1576; the Latin and Dutch treatises of Jacobus Eliza Capitein, a native of West Coast Africa and graduate of the University of Leyden, Gustavus Vassa's celebrated autobiography that supplied so much of the evidence in 1796 for Granville Sharpe's attack on slavery in the British colonies, Julien Raymond's Paris exposé of the disabilities of the free people of color in the then (1791) French colony of Hayti, and Baron de Vastey's Cry of the Fatherland, the famous polemic by the secretary of Christophe that precipitated the Haytian struggle for independence. The cumulative effect of such evidences of scholarship and moral prowess is too weighty to be dismissed as exceptional.
But weightier surely than any evidence of individual talent and scholarship could ever be, is the evidence of important collaboration and significant pioneer: initiative in social service and reform, in the efforts toward race emancipation, colonization and race betterment. From neglected and rust-spotted pages comes testimony to the black men and women who stood shoulder to shoulder in courage and zeal, and often on a parity of intelligence and talent, with their notable white benefactors. There was the already cited work of Vassa that aided so ma-
