Ibn 114 Ibrahim Tinder the suspicion of heresy, he was deprived of his posts, and thrown into prison, from whence he was at last delivered and reinstated in his office of jndge. He wrote a treatise on the art of physic, an Epitome of Ptolemy's Almagest, a treatise on astrology, and many amorous verses ; but when he grew old, he threw the three last into the fire. As to religion, his opinions were, that Christianity is absurd ; Judaism, the religion of children ; and Muhammadanism, the religion of swine. The best edition of his works is that of Venice, published in 1608. He is said to have died in 595 A. H., corresponding with 1199 A. D., but Lampriere in his Universal Biography says, that he died at Morocco in 1206 A. D. surname of Abu Nasr 'Abdul Said-bin-Muhammad, author of the " Uddat-ul-'Alim Wat Tarik-ul-Salim." He died 1084 A. D., 477 A. H. Ibn-Sad, l^J, author of the Tabakat. Ibn-Sina, W^', vide Abu Sfna. Ibn-Shahab-uz-Zohri, iSj^^^ v't" an Arabian author who flourished during the Khilafat of 'Umar-ibn- 'Abdul 'Aziz. Ibn-Siraj, jrlr** u;^^ whose proper name is Abu Bakr Muhammad, was an Arabian author, and died in 928 A. D. 316 A. H. Ibn-Ukba, surname of Jamal-uddm Ahmad, author of the "TTmdat-ut-Talib." He died 1424 A. D., 828 A. H. Ibn-Ukda, 8*^* uH', Abu'l'Abbas Ahmad-bin-Mu- hammad. Ibn-ul-Arabi, vide Ibn-Arabi.
Ibn-ul-Hajar, (
Arabic characters) vide Ibn-Hajar.
Ibn-vil-Jazari-bin-Muhammad, t5i>?^' an Ara-
bian author who died in the year 1430 A. D., 833 A. H.
Ibn-tll-Khasliab, v'~*' ' O^'j whose proper name is Abu
Muhammad 'Abdullah, was an excellent penman. He
died at Baghdad in 1172 A. D., 567 A. H.
Ibn-ul-ETimi, ij^JJ^^ a famous Arabian poet who was
co-temporary with Avicenna. He is the author of a
Dfwan in Arabic.
Ibn-Ul-Warda, -^JJ^^ C/^'j author of an Arabic history
called "Mukhtasir Jama-ut-Tawarikh," a valuable gen-
eral history from 1097 to 1543 A. D.
Ibn-Tis-Saleh., CJ^Ij whose proper name is Abu
'Amru 'Usman-bin-'Abdur Eahman-ash-Shahrzuri, author
of a collection of decisions according to the doctrine of
Shafa'i, entitled "Fatawa Ibn-us-Saleh." He died in
1244 A. D., 642 A. H.
Ibn-Yemin, cj^', a celebrated poet, whose proper
name was Amir Mahm-dd, which see.
Ibn-Yunas, c^'^i^.^, astronomer to the Khah'f of Egypt,
J who observed three eclipses with such care, that by means
of them, we are enabled to determine the quantity of the
moon's acceleration since that time. He lived about a
century or more after Al-Batani.
Ibn-Zohr, ^^^ vide Abdul Malik Ibn-Zohr.
Ibn-Zuryk, "-^^-^ c:^;^ Tanuki, an author.
Xbrabim; the patriarch Abraham.
Ibrahim, ^^Ir^l, an emperor of the Moors of Africa in the
12th century, who was dethroned by his subjects, and his
crown usurped by 'Abdul Mumin.
Ibrahim, Sultan, ej'^^'-', emperor of the Turks,
was the son of Ahmad (Achmat). He succeeded his bro-
ther Murad IV (Amarath) in February, 1640 A. D., 1049
A. H., and spent a great part of his reign in the war of
Crete against the Venetians, but without any great suc-
cess. He was assassinated for his debaucheries and re-
peated cruelties in 1649 A. D., 1059 A. H. His son Mu-
hammad IV, succeeded him.
Ibrahim, (♦i*L;^', the son of Alashtar, killed in 690 A. D.,
71 A. H., in a battle fought between the khalff 'Abdul
Malik and Misaa'b the brother of 'Abdullah, the son of
Zubair whose faithful friend he was.
Ibrahim, ^i^hi^, the son of Ibrahim Mahran, a very
famous doctor of the sect of Shafa'i, and author of several
works.
Ibrahim Adham, /^*b^'j a king of Balkh, who
retired from the world, became a Dervish and died be-
tween the years 875 and 880, aged 110 years. It is said
that he saw in a dream, a man on the top of a house
looking for something. He asked him, what he was look-
ing for ? The man replied, that he had lost his camel.
What a fool you must be, said the king, to be looking
for your camel on the roof of a house. The man rejoined,
And what a fool you must be to look for God in the cares
and troubles of a crown ! Ibrahim from that day abdi-
cated his throne, and became a wandering Dervish.
Ibrahim 'Adil Shah I, i^Ji^^ (♦i*^, Sultan of Bi-
jap6r, sumamed Abti'l Nasr, son of Ismail 'AdQ Shah,
succeeded his brother Mallu Adil Shah, on the throne of
Bijapur in the Dakhan in 1535 A. D., 941 A. H. He
married the daughter of 'Ala-uddin 'Imad Shah, named
Eabia Sultana in 1543 A. D., 950 A. H., reigned 24 lun^r
years and some months, and died in 1558 A. D., 965
A. H. He was buried at Ktiki near the tombs of his
father and grandfather, and was succeeded by his son 'All
'AdU Shkh.
Ibrahim 'Adil Shah II, gl^bl* ofBijapiir,
sumamed Abu'l Muzafiar, was the son of Tahmasp the
brother of 'AH 'Adil Shah, whom he succeeded in April,
1580 A. D., Safar, 988 A. H., being then only in his
ninth year. The management of public affairs was given
to Kamal Khan Dakhanf, and Chand Bibi Sultana,
widow of the late king, was entrusted with the care of the
education of the minor monarch. For some time Kamal
Khan behaved with due moderation in his office ; but at
length was guilty of some violence towards Chand Sul-
tana, who turned her thoughts to effect his destruction.
She secretly sent a message to Hajf Kishwar Kian, an
officer of high rank, who caused him to be murdered.
After this event Kishwar Khan, by the support and pa-
tronage of Chand Bfbi, grasped the authority of the State,
and ruled with uncontrolled sway, till he was assassinated.
Akhlas Khan next assumed the regency ; but after some
time he was seized by Dilawar Khan, who put out his
eyes, and became regent of the empire. He was expelled
by the king in 1590 A. D., and his eyes put out and himself
confined in 1592 A. D. Ibrahim 'Adil Shah died after a
reign of more than 38 lunar years in 1626 A. D., 1036
A. H., and was succeeded by his son Muhammad 'Adil
Shah. The first building of any importance we meet at
Bijapur, is the Ibrahim Eauza, the tomb of Ibrahim
'Adil Shah II. On a high-raised platform of stone,
separated by a square, in the midst of which is a houz
or fountain, stand the rouza and mosque opposite each
other, and corresponding in size and contour. The tomb
is most elaborately ornamented, the walls being covered
