Khusro 152 Khwaja Bengal, who came to visit him. The " Makala" contain- ing memoirs of the first four Khalifas, viz., Abu Bakr, 'Umar, Usman and 'AH, with a treatise on the Siifi tenets, ■written in 1324 A. D., the " Ishkia," a collection of poems on love subjects ; the " Matla'-ul- Anwar," on the Sufi doctrines, and his Diwan which is held in great estimation in India, containing poems chiefly on mystical theology and divine love : many of them have been set to music, and are chanted by the devotees or Sufis ; frequently producing extravagant ecstasies, termed by them tcnjd, or spiritual delirium. The Khamsa or the five celebrated books of Amir- Khusro, which contains about 18,000 verses, are the following : , 1. Hasht Bahisht. 4. Laili-wa-Majniin. 2. Sikandar-nama. 5. Shii'in-wa-Khusro. 3. Panj Ganj. Khusro is said to have written 99 books, some of which, besides the abovementioned, are the following : 1. Aijaz Khusrowi. 4. Inshae Amir Khusro. 2. Aina Sikandarf. 5. Jawahir-ul-Bahr. 3. Khizir Khani. Khusro Malik, }r^} son of Khusro Shah, was the last Sultan of the race of Ghaznavides. He ascended the throne at Labor after the death of his father in 1160 A. D., 000 A. H., was defeated in 1184 A. D., 580 A. H., by Shahab-uddfn Ghori, then governor of Ghazni, who took him prisoner and sent him to his brother Ghayas- ■uddin to Fii-oz K6h, where he died after some years. KhlXSro Malik, the brother-in-law of Sultan Muhammad Shah I, Tughlak, whose sister named Khuda- wandzada he had married. He had once formed the pro- ject of taking the life of Sultan Firoz Shah the successor of Muhammad Shah, by concealing a number of persons in the rooms adjacent to where the king sat, but was saved by Dawar Malik, the son of Khusro Malik, who made a sign to him that danger was to be apprehended, upon which the king left the room and took refuge on the top of the house. Khusro Parwez, 3i5r.^ Jj^'^j the son of Hurmuz III (or IV), king of Persia of the Sassanian race. He, by the assistance of the Koman emperor Maurice, after defeat- ing Bahram Chobin, his father's general, who had taken possession of the kingdom, ascended the tlrrone of Persia 691 A. D. The moment he was firmly established on the throne, he fulfilled in the most faithful manner the engage- ments he had entered into with his ally ; and publicly adopted the emperor Maurice as his father; but when that emperor was slain in 603 A. D., he instantly declared war, on the grounds of avenging his father and bene- factor. His generals invaded the Koman territories ; Dara, Edessa, and other strong places on the frontier, were soon subdued ; Syria was completely pillaged, Pales- tine overrun, Jerusalem taken, and the true cross, which had been enclosed in a golden case, and buried deep in the earth, was discovered, and borne in triumph to Persia. His reign of more than 30 years, was marked by a success never sm-passed by the most renowned of his ances- tors. Persia was, however, invaded by Heraclius the Eoman emperor, who defeated the troops of Khusro wherever he encountered them, and marched, in one direction, as far as the Caspian, in another to Isfahan ; destroying in his progress all his splendid palaces, plun- dering his hoarded treasures, and dispersing, in every direction, the countless slaves of his pleasure. The sub- jects of Khusro had lost all regard for a monarch whom they deemed the sole cause of the desolation of his coun- try : a conspiracy was formed against him : he was seized by his eldest son Sheroya or Siroes ; his 18 sons were niassacrcd before his face, and he was cast into a dungeon, and soon afterwards died or was put to death in 628 A. D., 7 A. H., after he had reigned 38 years. The glory of the house of Chosroes (Nausherwan) ended with the life of Khusro : his unnatural son enjoyed only eight montha the fruit of his crime. The Muhammadan authors say, that Khusro had re- ceived an epistle from Muhammad, inviting him to acknowledge Muhammad as the apostle of God. He rejected the invitation, and tore the epistle. " It is thus," exclaimed the Arabian prophet, " that God will tear the kingdom, and reject the supplications of Khusro." The historians of Muhammad, says Gibbon, date this em- bassy in the seventh j'ear of the Hijri which commenced 11th May, 628 A. D. Their chronology is erroneous since Khusro died in the month of February of the same year. Gibbon, Vol. VIII, p. 206. Khusro Shah, ^^•^ -f ^ descendant of the ancient kings of Badakhshan, whom Babar Shah defeated about the year 1505, and took possession of his country and made it over to his cousin Khan Mirza. Khusro Shah, -f surnamed Nizam-uddin, was the son of Bahram Shah of Ghazni. He succeeded his father at Labor in 1152 A. D., 547 A. H., and died there after a reign of seven years in 1160 A. D., 665 A. H. He was succeeded by his son Khusro Malik. Khusro Shah, Jsl-«^"~=»-, called also Malik Khusro, a favourite slave and wazir of Sultan Mubarik Shah Ivhiljf, king of Dohli, whom he murdered on the 4th April, 1321 A. J)., 5th Eabi' I, 721 A. H., and ascended the throne by the title of Nasir-uddin Khusro Shah. He was soon after assassinated on the 26th August, 1321 A. D., 30th Eajab, 721 A. H., by Ghazf Beg Tughlak, who, the next day, mounted the throne and assumed the title of Ghayas- uddin Tughlak Shah I. Khusro, Sultan, o^^, the eldest son of the emperor Jahangir ; was born in the month of August, 1587 A. D., Ramazan, 995 A. H., at Labor. His mother was the sister of Eaja Man Singh, the son of Eaja Bhag- wdn Das, and after the birth of Khusro she got the title of Shah Begam. He died in the Dakhin on the 16th of January, 1622 A. D., 13th Eabi' I, 1031 A. H., aged 36 lunar years, and his remains appear to have been trans- ported to AUah&bad, where he Hes buried in a garden surrounded by pukka walls, called the garden of Sultan Khusro, and where his mother Shah Begam is also buried. The dome over his tomb has an inscription of several Persian verses, and contains the chronogram of the year of his death in the words " Faiz Laek." It is related in ' the work called "Maasir Kutb Shahi" that Khusro was strangled by a man named Eaza by the order of Shah Jahan his younger brother, Khuzai, Cs*^'^-' ^ celebrated author, descendant from a tribe of Arabs called Khuzaa. Vide Abu 'Abdullah Mu- hammad bin-Husain-al-Khuzai. Khuzaima, a companion of Muhammad. Khwaja Baki Billah, ^■^•"^ cs^'^ ^=^b^, a Muhammadan saint. Vide Muhammad Baki (Khwaja). Khwaja Hasan, (^"-^ ^^^J^} «-7Vfe Hasan Sanjan'. Khwaja Hasan Basri, isj-^-i i^'^^ *^!>=>j vide Hasan Basrf. Khwaja Hasan Sadr Nizami, lj^^ ^t'!^^, author of the work entitled " Taj-ul-]Maasir" which he dedicated to Sultan Kutb-uddin Eybak, king of Dehli about the year 1208 A. D., 605 A. H.
