Munni 19T Murtaza Munni Begam, (^^H a concubine of Mir Ja'far, Nawab of Bengal. After his deatli and the death of his two sons Najm-uddaula and Saif-uddaula, she was appointed guardian to Mubarik-uddaula, the infant son of the late Nawab, by Warren Hastings, in preference to others whose claims were more forcible. The guardianship was taken away from the Begam in 1776 A. D. She was the mother of Najm-uddaula, died 1779 A. D., 1st Sha'ban 1103 A. H. Munshi, l?'"^^ takhallus of Jaswant Eae Munshi. He is the author of a Diwan, and was living in 1712 A. D., 1124 A. H. Munshi, f^-^^, poetical title of Munshi Miilchand, a Kayeth and native of Dehli. He was a pupil of the poet Nasir, and is the author of some fragments of the Shah- nama in Urdu. He died about the year 1822 A. D. Munsif, poetical title of Fazil Khan, who is the author of a Diwan, and was living in 1704 A. D., 1116 A. H. Murad I, Sultan^ <iLr* ^^^^'^ Jj', whom our English . authors call Amurath I, and who is also called Murad Khan Ghazi and Khwawandgar Rum, was the third Sultan of the race of Usman or Othman. He succeeded his father Arkhan (Orchan) on the Turkish throne in 1359 A. D., 760 A. H., and was known for his cruelties towards his son, and those who espoused his cause. He advanced into Europe, and made Adrianople his capital in 1360 A. D. He was a great warrior and obtained 37 victories, in the last of which he perished 1389 A. D., 791 A. H., aged 71, by the hand of a soldier. He (or as some say his father) was the first who established the formidable force of the Janisarfs. His son Bayezid I, succeeded him. Murad II, Sultan, u^^** ls^^, succeeded his father Muhammad I as Ottoman emperor, in 1422 A. D., 825 A. H., and was the first Turk who used camion in the field of battle. In 1443 A. D., 847 A. H., he resigned the crown in favour of his son Muhammad II, hut finding him incapable to hold the reins of government, he aban- doned his retirement and defeated the famous Sikandar Beg (Scanderbeg,) and routed the Hungarians. Accor- ding to Gibbon, he died on the 2nd February, 1451 A. D., Zil-hijja, 854 A. H., and was succeeded by his son Muhammad II, who afterwards took Constantinople. Murad III, Sultan, .il^* ejli^ succeeded his father Salim II to the throne of Constantinople in Decem- ber, 1574 A. D., Shaban, 982 A. H., and to rid himself of all competitors, he, at his first coming to the crown, caused his five brothers to be strangled in his presence. This act of cruelty so affected his mother that she de- stroyed herself. He took from the disagreeing Persians, Armenia, Media, and the city of Tauris, and the fort Gaino from the Hungarians. He died on the 18th January, 1595 A. D., Jumada I, 1003 A. H., aged 50 lunar years. At the time of his death such a sudden and terrible tempest arose, that many thought the world would then be dissolved. He was succeeded by his son Muhammad III. Sultan Murad is the author of the work called " Fatuhat-us-Siyam." Murad IV, Sultan, •^'[y cj'^ J^j;, son of Almad I, emperor of Constantinople, succeeded his uncle Mustafa I, who was deposed the second time in 1623 A. D., 1032 A. H. _ He took Baghdad in 1637 A. D., 30,000 of whose inhabitants he put to the sword, though he had promised them protection. He died on the 8th February 1640 A. D., 1049 A. H., aged 18, of excessive intoxica' tion, and was succeeded by his brother Ibrahim. 50 Murad Baksli, Sultan, ■iir'* u^**, youngest son of the emperor Shah Jahan, by whom he was appoint- ed governor of Gujrat, Thatta and Bihkar. He was seized and imprisoned in the fort of Gwaliar, by the orders of his brother the emperor 'Alamgir, after the first battle he fought against his brother Dara Shikoh, and was subsequently murdered, 1662 A. D., 1072 A. H., at Gwaliar and buried within the fort. Murad Mirza, •^Lr'* also called Sultan Murad and Shah Murad, was the second son of the emperor Akhar. His mother's name was Sali'ma Sultana Begam. He was born on Thursday the 8th June,' 1670 A. D., 978 A. H. in the house of the venerable Shaikh Salfm Chishti at Sikri. The Hindus, on account of his being born in the mountainous country of Sikn', used to call him Paharf. After this prince's birth, the emperor, considering the village of Sikrf a propitious spot, two of his sons having been born there, ordered the foundation of a city to be laid, which, after the conquest of Gujrat, he called Fatha- piir. This prince was sent by his father to conquer the Dakhia in 1595 A. D., 1004 A. H., where he fell sick and died on the 1st of May, 1599 A. D., loth Shawwal, 1007 A. H. He was at first buried at Shahpur, but after- wards his corpse was removed to Dehli and laid by the side of Humayiin the prince's grandfather. Murassa' Rakam, f^J title of the author of the " Nautarz Miyrassa." Vide Tahsfn. Murauwat, ^J^, poetical name of Saghi'r 'Ali', a poet, who is the author of a story in Urdu caUed " THismat Ishk," composed in 1792 A. i)., 1207 A. H. MursMd Khan, ly^^ C>.mjk^ a poet, who flourished in the time of Jahangir, and is the author of a Diwan. MTirshid Kuli Khan, iJ-' a nobleman of the time of the emperor Shah Jahan, who was Faujdar of Muthui-a, and was killed there iu 1638 A. D., 1048 A. H. Murshid Kuli Khan, J^^ ii^^'O^ nawab of Bengal, vide Ja'far Khan. Murshid Kuli Khan, ts^ >y^y<i, Eustam Jang, son-in-law of Shuja-uddaula, governor of Bengal, by whom he was appointed governor of Katak. Being defeated by Mahabat Jang, Nawab of Bengal, he fled to the Dakhia in the year 1739 A. D. where he died. He was a good poet, and his poetical name was Sarshar. Murtaza Khan, ^'^ir^ '^i'*, a Sajyad, who on the accession of Nawab 'Asaf-uddaula to the masnad of Lakhnau, was appoiatod by him his naib or deputy, with the title of Mukhtar-uddaula, but Basant 'Ali Khan, an old khwaja sara (eunuch) of the nawab's father, being offended at the influence he had over the nawab, resolved to remove him ; and for this purpose having invited him to an entertainment, murdered him, and was himself slaia the same day by order of the nawab. This circumstance took place ia the month of March, 1776 A. D., Safar, 1190 A. H, Murtaza Khan, tu'^ Jf'^'*, a relative of Dost 'AH, the Nawab of Ai-kat, under whom the atrocious seizure of Trichinopoly was perpetrated by Chanda Sahib. The nawab was succeeded by his son Safdar 'AH, who after overcoming the effects of poison prepared for him by Murtiiza Khan, fell by the poignard of a Pathan assassin hu-ed for the work by the same person. A storm was raised which he had not the courage to encounter, aad
