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Abdul 9 Abdul 'Abdul-Rahman Chishti, (Arabic characters) author of the 3f{r-dt-i-3Ias' udi, which, contains the legendary history of Salar Mas'ud Ghazi, buried at Bahraich in Audh. 'Ahur-rahman died dui-ing- the reign of Aurangzfb in 1094 H. Tor extract translation#^;^'rf^ Dowson, Elliot's History of India, II, 613. An Urdu translation of the Mir-at-i- Mas'udi was lithographed at Kanhpur, 1287 H., under the title of ' Ghaza-nama-i- Mas'ud.'] 'Abdul- Bashid, C>.i.MjJ] d.xe, was the son of Sultan Mas'ud of Ghazni. He hegan to reign, after deposing and confining his brother 'AH in 1052 A. D., 443 H. He had reigned but one year, when Tughril, one of his nobles, assassinated him and mounted the throne of Ghazni. Tughril reigned only forty days, and was murdered on the Persian New Year's day in March 1053 A. D., 444 A. H., when Farrukh- zad, a brother of 'Abdur-Eashid, succeeded him. 'Abdul-Rashid (Mir), cXu;^J;«, son of 'Abdul-Gha- fiir-ul-Husaini. He lived in the time of the emperor Shah Jahan, and wrote chronograms on his accession to the throne of Dihliin 1628 A. D., 1037 A. H. He is the author of the Persian Dictionary called " Farhang-i-Rashidi", also of the " Muntakhab-ul-Lughat", a very useful Arabic Dictionary, with Persian explanations, dedicated to the emperor Shkh Jahan. Another work of his is called " Eisala-i- Mu'arrabat." The Farhang-i-Eashidi, which was written in 1064 (A. D. 1653), is the first critical dictionary of the Persian language, and has been printed by the Asiatic Society of Bengal ; vide Journal, Asiatic Society, Bengal, 1868, p. 20.] 'Abdul-Rashid Khan, ^yMj) >i,.vc, son of Sultan Abu-Sa'id Khan, king of Kashghar.' He was the con- temporary of Humayun, the emperor of Dihli. Mirza Haidar, author of the Tarikh-i-Eashidi, dedicated his work to him. Vide Dowson, Elliot's History of India, V, 127 ; and Afn Translation I, 460.] 'Abdul-Razz ak, i^l^ii o-J*, a chief of the Sarbadals of Sabzwar. He was at first employed by Sultan Abu- Sa'id Ivhan as a Yasawal, or mace-bearer, but after his death, when confusion took place, he possessed himself of Khurasan in 1336 A. D., 737 A. H., and was slain, after one year and two months, by his brother Wajih-uddm Mas'ud in September 1337, Safar 738 A. H. Mas'ud reigned seven years, and was deposed by his brother Shams-uddin, who after a reign of four years and nine months was slain at Sabzwar by Haidar Kassab. After him Amrr Yahya Kirati made himself master of Khurasan, and gave the command of his troops to Haidar Kassab. In the month of December 1353 A. D., 754 A. H., Yahya slew Tughan Timur, a descendant of the IMughul kings, in battle, and was himself slain by his nobles, after he had reigned four years and eight months. After him they raised Khwaja Lutf-uUah, the son of Kiwaja Mas'ud, to the masnad. He was slain after a short time by Hasan Damghani, who reigned four years and four months, when Khwaja 'AH Muayyad slew him, and reigned eighteen years in Khuras&n, after which he made over his country to Amir Timur who passed IQiurasan in 1380 A. D., 782 A. H. 'AH Muayyad was killed in a battle in the year 1386, 788 A. H., and with him terminated the power of the Sarbadals. 'Abdul-Razz ak, Kamal-uddin, son of Jalal-uddm Is-hak, bom at Hirat on the 12th Sha'ban, 816 (6th November, 1413). He is the author of the historical work entitled ' Matla' -us-sa' dain. He died in 887 (A. D. 1482) ; vide below suh Kamal, and Dowson, IV, 90.] 'Abdul-Razzak, <^^^ the son of Mirza TJlugh Beg, the emperor Babar's uncle. He was killed by the command of that monarch, before his invasion of India, for raising disturbances at Kabul, about 1509 A. D., 915 A. H. 3 'Abdul-Razzak (Mulla), il-e, of Lahijan, author of the " Gauhar-i-Murad," a dissertation on the creation of the world and the pre-eminence then given by God to man, dedicated to Shah 'Abbas II of Persia. He lived about the year 1660 A. D,, 1072 H. His poetical name is Fayyaz. 'Abdul-Salam, (Arabic characters) son of Muhammad, a celebrated learned man, and author of the " Tafsir Kabir," a commentary on the Kuran. He died in the year 1095 A. D., 488 A. H. 'Abdul-Salam, Ji)'^^^'^h ^J;^ ^^'i>^^ {Kizi) of Badaon, son of 'Ata-ul-Hakk. He is the author of the com- mentary called "Tafsir Zad-ul-Akhirat" ia Urdu, con- sisting of 200,000 verses, which he completed about the year 1828 A. D., 1244 H., as the name of the work shews. 'Abdul-Salam, -^-^^ a famous philosopher and phy- sician, who died at Damascus in 1443 A. D., 847 H. 'Abdul-Salam, C^-^' '^^.^ (Mulla) of Labor, a pupil of Amir Fath-uUah Shirazi. He died in the year 1628 A. D., 1037 A. H. Vide Kin Translation I, 545.] 'Abdul-Salam, ^^-^^ (Mulla) of DihH, was the pupil of Mulla 'Abdus-Salam of Labor. He wrote the Sharh, or marginal notes, on the commentaries called " Tahzib", " Manar" &c., and is also the author of the work on Sufism in Arabic, called " Hall-ur-Eumuz." 'Abdul-Samad, uncle of the two first Khalifas of the house of 'Abbas, died at a great age during the khilafat of Harun-ur-Eashid in the year 801 A. D., 185 A. H. It is said of him that he never lost a tooth, for both the upper and lower jaws were each of one single piece. 'Abdul Samad, Khwaja, <i^/AJ| i>,ac *^lj,=>., a noble of Akbar's court, also well-known as caligrapher. He was the father of Sharif, Amir-ul-Umara under Jahangir {vide A'm Translation, I, pp. 495, 517), and had the title of Shirm-Kalam, or sweet-pen.] 'Abdul-Samad, •^'^^ nephew of Shaikh Abul-Fazl, Secretary to the emperor Akbar. He is the compiler of the work called " Insha-i- Abul-Fazl," which he col- lected and published in the year 1606 A. D., 1015 H. 'Abdul-Samad Khan, styled Nawab Saif-uddaula Bahadur- Jang, was the son of Khwaja 'Abdul- Karim, a descendant of Khwaja 'Ubaid-ullah Aljrar. The native country of his father was Samarkand, but he was bom at Agra. In his childhood, he went with his father to Samarkand, where he completed his studies. In the reign of Aurangzib he returned to India, and was, at his first introduction to the emperor, raised to the rank of 600, and after a short time to that of 1500, with the title of Khan. In the reign of Jahandar Shah, the rank of 7000 and the title of 'Ali-Jang were conferred on him. He was made governor of Labor in the time of Farrukh-siyar, and was sent with a great army against the Sikhs, whom he defeated and made prisoners with Banda their chief. He was made governor of Multan by the emperor Muham- mad Shah -nath the title of Saif-uddaula, and his son Zakariya Khan, Siibadar of Labor. He died in 1737 A. D., 1150 A. H., a year before the invasion of Nadir Shah. Vide Khan-Dauran IV. The Histories call him Diler-jang, not 'AH-Jang ; vide also Dowson, VII, 456, 491, 511.] 'Abdul-Samad Khan, t^^i. ^a^, Faujdar of Sar- hind. distinguished himself in the Maratha "Wars, and was at last beheaded by Bhao in 1174 A. H. '(A. D. 1760) ; vide Dowson, VIII, 278.] 'Abdul-Shukur (Maulana), jy-^^ '^•^^ ^'h"^. His poetical name was Bazmi. He lived in the time of Shah Jahan about the year 1634 A. D., 1044 A. H. ; vide Bazmi.