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Mustafa 199 Muzaffar Mustafa II, Sultan, ^'^^ u^^^, son of Muiam- mad IV succeeded Ahmad II in 1695 A. D., 1106 A. H. as emperor of Constantinople. He was an able warrior, and after defeating the Imperialists at Temswar,_ he attacked the Venetians, Poles and Eussians. He retired ,to Adrianople, where he forgot himself in lascivious ' pleasures, till a revolt of his subjects compelled him to descend from his throne in 1703 A. D., 1115 A. H. He died of melancholy six months after. He was succeeded by his brother Ahmad III. Mustafa III, Sultan, ^^'^'^ ^ylkl-», son of Ahmad III, succeeded his nephew 'Usman III as emperor of Constantinople in 1757 A. D., 1171 A. H. He spent his time in his seraglio, and left the government to his favo- rites. He died on the 21st January, 1774 A. D., 1187 A. H., and was succeeded by his brother Ahmad IV, also called 'Abdul Hamid. Mustafa IV, Sultan, son of Aljmad IV, succeeded Salfm III on the 29th of May, 1807 A. D., 1222 A. H., as emperor of Constantinople. He reigned one year, and was deposed and slain in 1808 A. D., 1223 A. H., when Mahmud II was raised to the throne. Mustafa bin-Muhammad Sa'id, author of the Persian Commentary on the iKuran, entitled " Aksam 'Ayat Kui-an." Mustai'd Khan, (i-AAwo^ surnamed Muhammad Saki, was employed as Munshi or secretary to 'Inayet- ullah Khan, wazir of Bahadur Shah, and is the author of the " Masir-i-'Alamgiri," the history of the emperor 'Alamgir. He had been a constant follower of the court for forty years, and an eye-witness of many of the trans- actions "he records. He undertook the work by desii-e of his patron, and finished it in 1710 A. D., 1122 A. H. being only three years after the decease of 'Alamgir. Mustajab Khan, ^Is^'^"'^ one of the sons of Hafiz Eahmat Khan, and author of the work called " Giilistan- i-Eahmat" being a history of his father. He died in February, 1833 A. D., 2nd Shawwal, 1248 A. H., aged 74 lunar years. Mustakfi Billah, ^^fiSIw*^ ^ide Al-Mustakfi Billah. Mustanjad Billah, (Arabic characters), vide Al-Mustanjid. Mustanasar Billah, yo.^-^'o^ ^i^g Al-Mustanasar. Mustarashid Billah, (Arabic characters), Al-Mustarshid. Mustazi Billah, i^^^, vide Al-Mustazf. Mustazahar Billah, i,ide Al-Mustazhir. Musailima, A*1.v««w! commonly called Kazzab or the Liar, was an impostor who arose in the time of Muhammad in one of the provinces of Arabia, named Hajar. As success in any project seldom fails to draw in imitators, Muham- mad having raised himself to such a degree of power and reputation, by acting the prophet, induced others to ima- gine they might arrive at the same height by the same means. His most considerable competitors in the pro- phetic office was Musailima and Al-Aswad. Musailima pretended to be joined in commission with Muhammad, and published revelations in imitation of the Kuran. He sent Muhammad a letter, ofi'ering to go halves with him, in these words ; " From Musailima, the apostle of God, to Muhammad, the apostle of God. Now, let the earth be half mine and half thine." But Muhammad believing himself too well established to need a partner, wrote him this answer : " From Muhammad the apostle of God, to IMusailima the Kar. The earth is God's ; he giveth the same for inheritance unto such of his servants as he pleaseth ; and the happy issue shall attend those who fear him." During the few months which Muhammad lived after the setting up of this new imposture, Musailima grew very- formidable ; Abii Bakr, Muhammad's successor, in the second year of his reign and the 12th of Hijn', (633 A. D., 12 A. H.,) sent an amiy against him under the command of KhaUa, the son of Walid, who defeated and slew him in battle. Al-Aswad set up for himself the very year that Muhammad died ; but a party, sent by Muhammad, broke into his house by night, and cut off his head. They received the appellation of " The two Liars." Mutia' BiUah, khalifa of Baghdad, vide Al-Mutia' BilUh. Mutjali, (j^^^ } poetical name of Sayyad Kutb-uddin. Mutnabbi t^'^*^; or Al-Mutnabbi, surname of Abu Tyyeb Ahmad bin-Husain, one of the most celebrated of the Ara- bian poets, born at Kiifa in 915 A. D., 303 A. H. He had acquired an extensive knowledge of pure Arabic, drawn from the best sources, and this he has handed down in his poetical compositions. He flourished about the year 950 A. D., 339 A. H. ; his father was a water-carrier in Kiifa. His principal patron was Saif-uddaula, prince of Damascus, of the family of Hamdan. The surname of "Al-Mutnab- bi," (the pretended prophet) was given him because he had set up for a prophet in the flat country near Sawama, where he was followed by a great multitude of the Banu Kalab and other tribes ; but Lulu, governor of Emessa, hav- ing marched agaiast him took him prisoner and dispersed his partizans. He kept Mutnabbi in confinement for a long period, and having at length brought him back to the Muslim faith, he set him at liberty. He was attacked by a chief of the tribe of Asad, at the head of a troop of par- tizans : a combat took place in which he was killed with his son Al-Muhassad and his slave Mufiik. This event happened in the month of September, 965 A. D., 354 A. H. Muttaki Billah, is^, a khalif of Baghdad, vide Al-Muttaki. Mutalibi, ij'^^^} surname of Muhammad bin-Idris al- Shafa'i, who was one of the four Imams, or chief of the four orthodox sects amongst the Musalmans. Mutwakhil Ali AUah, ^'■^l d^j^'i-^, a khalif of Baghdad, vide Al-MutwakkiL Muwyyad al-HuUa, (Shaikh), ^i-^, vide Abu'l Kasim of Hulla. Muwyyad-uddaula, (Arabic characters), son of Eukn-uddaula, the son of Ali Boya the Boyaito. _ He succeeded to a part of his father's dominions in Persia in September 976 A. D., Muharram 366 A. H. Ho was taken captive and impri- soned by Hisam-uddaula at Jurjan in January 984 A. D., Sha'ban, 373 A. H., and his brother Fakhi--uddaula Abii'l Hasan All got possession of the empire. Muwyyad-uddaula, ^'^tj'^i^'O, the son of Nizam ul- Mulk, the celebrated wazir of Sultan Alp Arsalan and his son Malikshah. He served as minister to Barkayarak, the son of the latter for some time, and when dismissed by that monarcli, he joined his brother Jluhammad in an attack upon Barkayarak ; but was taken, and put to death by that prince. Muzaffar or Muzaflfarian, a dynasty