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Abu 11 Abu Shaiban of Kirmanshah, and of Abu-Bakr of Bfkand, and pupil of Abul-Husain Zarn'n of Hirat. Abu-' Abdullah, died in the year 911 A. D. (299 A. H.), and was buiied on Mount Sinai. Abu-'AbduUah Muhammad, c>-t^ y, son of Sufj'an, a native of Kairuwan in Africa. He is tbe author of the work called " Hadi." He died in 102-i A. D. (415 A. H.) Abu-' Abdullah Muhammad bin-'Ali ar-Rahibi, '^♦^ yj, author of a short treatise, entitled the " Big'hyat-ul-Bahis" consisting of memorial verses, which give an epitome of the law of inheritance according to the doctrine of Zaid bin-Sabit. Abu-'AbduUah Muhammad Halsiim Kabir, ^ta. o.^s'^ ilJl author of the work called " Mustadrik". He died in 1014 A. D., 405 A. H. Abu-'AbduUah Muhammad bin-Muhammad al- Nu'mani, surnamed Shaikh Mufi'd and Ibn-Mu'allim, was a renowned Shi'a lawyer, Abu-Ja'far ut-Tusi de- scribes him in the Fihrist as the greatest orator and lawyer of his time, the most ancient Mujtahid, the most subtle reasoner, and the chief of all those who delivered Fatwas. Ibn-Kasir-ush-Shami relates that, when he died, Ibn-Nakib, who was one of the most learned of the Sunni doctors, adorned his house, told his followers to con- gratulate him, and declared that, since he had lived to see the death of Shaikh Muffd, ho should himself leave the world without regret. Shaikh Mufid is stated to have written 200 works, amongst which one, called the " Irshad", is well-known. He also wrote works on the law of inheritance. His death took place in A. D. 1022, 413 A. H., or as some say A. D. 1025, 416 A. H. Abu-'AbdTillah Muhammad bin-'Umar al-Wa- kidi, j*^ uH ^■'••'l "H^ y.K an author who wrote in Arabic the work, called ^' Tabakat Wakidi", containing the history of the conquest of Syria by the generals of 'Umar during the years 638-9 A. D. He is said by some to have died in the year 824 A. D., 219 A. H., but as he makes mention of Al-Mu'tasim Billah, whose reign began in 833, he must have died about the year 834 and not 824 A. D., 209 A. H. Vide Wakidi. Abu-'Abdullah Muhammad bin-Husain al-Shai- bani, (^^•^^^■'1 l^^.-^ i^^. '^-*=^ A-^-*! '^■J* yj, commonly called Imam Muhammad, was bom at Wasit in 'Irak- 'Arab in A. D. 749, 132 A. H., and died at Eai, the capital of ILhurasan in A. D. 802, 187 A. H. He was a feUow pupil of Abu-Yiisuf, under Abu-Hanifa, and on the death of the latter pursued his studies under the former. His chief works are six in number, of which five are consi- dered of the highest authority, and are cited under the title of the Zabir-ur-lliwayat ; they are " Jami'-ul-Eabir", " Jami'-us-Saghir", the " Mabsiit fi furii'-il-Hanafiya", the "Ziyadat fi furu -il-Hanafiya", the " Siyar-ul- Kabir wal-Saghir" ; and the " Nawadir", the sixth and last of the known compositions of Imam Muhammad, which, though not so highly esteemed as the others, is still greatly re- spected as an authority. Abu-'Abdullah Salih, vide Abu-'Ali, "Wazir of Mansur I. Abu-'Abdul-Rahman Ahmad bin-'Ali bin-Shu'aib al-Nasai, i^^-^ '*-»^t t^*^t >^yj, author of the works called " Sunan Kubra" and " Sunan Sughra'." The first is a large work on the traditions ; but as Nasai himself acknowledged that many of the traditions which he had inserted, were of doubtful authority, ne afterwards wrote an abridgement of his great work, omitting all those of questionable authenticity : and this abridgement which he entitled Al-Mujtaba and is also called Sunan Sughra, takes its rank as one of the six books of the Sunna. Al-Nasai was born at Nasa, a city in Khurasan, in 830 A. D., 303 A. H., and died at Makka in 915 A. D. Abu-'Abdul-Rahman Sulami, vide 'Abdul-Eahman Sulami. Abu-'Abdul-Rahman Yunas, cri^l i^*^^ the son of Habib, an excellent grammarian who died in the year 798 A. D., 182 A. H. Abu-'Abdul-Wahid, (Arabic characters), an elegant Turkish poet who flourished in Constantinople, in the earlier part of the .seventeenth century. Abu-Ahmad, (♦-'^ the son of Kasim, was born ia the city of Amasia in Natolia A. D. 1483, 888 A. H. ; he publicly explained the book written by his father Ahmad bin-' Abdullah ul-Kirmi on the fundamental points of Muhammadanism. Abu-'Ali, ts'-^J^'j the wazir of Mansur I, the son of Nuh, prince of the Samanian djmasty of Khurasan. In A. D. 963, 352 A. H., he translated the " Tarikh Tabari" into the Persian language from the Arabic. It is a general history from the creation of the world, down to the 300th year of the Hijra. In the course of eight centuries the language of Abu-' All having become obsolete, Abu- 'Abdullah Salih bin-Miihammad was persuaded by Nur- uUah Khah, prince of Tiiran, to put it into modern Per- sian ; vide Abu Ja'far at-fabari, and Tabarf. Abu-'Ali Ismail, i^^'^ji^j an Arabian author who died in 967 A. D., 356 A. H. Abu-'Ali Kalandar, J'^^' iJ^J-^, (Shaikh) commonly called Bu-'Alf Kalandar Shaikh Sharaf-uddin Panipati, a celebrated and highly respected Muhammadan saint, who is said to have performed numerous miracles during his Hfe. He was bom at 'Irak in Persia, but came to India and fixed his residence at Panipat, where he died, aged about 100 years, on the 30th August, 1324 A. D., 9th Eamazan 724 A. H. His tomb is held sacred and is visited by the Musalmans to this day. Vide Proceedings, As. Society, Bengal, for 1870, p. 125, and for 1873, p. 97.] Abu-'Ali Ahmad bin-Muhammad, the son of Ya'kub bin-Maskawaihi Khazin of Kai, author of the Arabian work, entitled " Kitab-ut-Taharat", which was translated in Persian by Nasir-uddin Tusi, and named Akhlak-i- Nasiri. He flourished about the 12 th century. Abu-'Ali, L^'^t* (J^^J^^, surnamed Muhandis, ' the Geome- trician', who excelled in that science. He flourished A. D, 1136, 530 A. H., in the time of Al-Hafi?. li-din-illah, Khalifa of Egypt, and Al-Eashid Billah, the son of Al-Mustarshid of Baghdad. Abu-'Ali Sina, U.j^« ^Jie vide Abu-Sina. Abu-'Ali 'TJmar, <X«.:s^ crij-*-^ ij^^ of Muhammad, was the author of the commentary, called " Sharh Kabir" and " Sharh Saghir." He died in the year 1247 A. D., 645 A. H.