Abu
13
Abu
Abu-Hafs al-Bukhari, ^sj^ kjo-'as^ a mufti of
Bukhara, and a very rigid iMusalman. He was surnamed
Al-Kabi'r, the Great, to distinguish him from liis son,
who was surnamed Al-Saghir, the Little, or the Younger,
and was also a learned teacher, but not so famous as his
father.
Abu-Hafs Haddad, 'Amr, son of Salama, of Nishapur,
a saint, who died in 264 A. H,]
Abu-Hafs 'Umar, j^c ijaS^y,]^ son of Ahmad,
author of 330 works, among which are " Targhfb and
Tafsii-" and " Masnad". He died in 995 A. D., 385 A. H.
Abu-Hafs 'Umar al-Qhazaawi, t^yy^h u^.^y,
(jJiiJl^l^^wj^ surnamed Siraj-uddin, a follower of Abti-Ha-
nifa, and author of the Arabic work called " Zubdat-ul-
Ahkam", which expounds the practical statutes of the
different doctrines of the four Sunni sects. He died in
1371 A. D., 773 A. H.
Abu-Ha'mid (Imam), (
Arabic characters)
son of Muhammad, surnamed Gliazzalf. He is the author
of the Arabic work on theology, called "Ihyau-'ulum-
id-dfn" and of many other works. He died in 1111 A. D.,
505 A. H. Vide Ghazzali.
Abu-Hamza bin-Nasr al-Ansari, ^JJLa.)!i] jy^i (^j
iy*-^ surnamed Aus bin-Malik, was one of the six
authors most approved for Muhammadan traditions. He
died at Basra, in the year 710 A. D., 91 A. H., aged 103
years, after having begot 100 children. He was the last
that was styled Sahaba, that is to say, friends, companions,
and contemporaries of Muhammad.
Abu-Hanifa (Imam), &su}s^ jj |*U|^ surnamed Al-Nu'-
man Kufi, the son of Sabit, a celebrated lawyer among the
Musalmans, v/as born at Kufa in the year 699 A. D., 80 A.H.,
and is said to have been a descendant of the Persian king
Nausherwan the J ust. Though he was imprisoned at Bagh-
dad by the khalifa Al-Mansur for denying the doctrines
of predestination, and died in his confinement, yet his
learning, his virtues, and moderation found partizans in
the East, and 335 years after his decease, Sultan Malik-
shah Saljuki erected a mausoleum in the city of Baghdad,
where his remains were deposited. There were not
wanting enthusiasts who declared that his name was men-
tioned in the Old Testament, and that his birth had been
foretold as well as that of the prophet. He died in the
year 767 A. D., 150 A. H., aged 70 lunar years. He was
the founder of the first of the four chief sects of Srmnis,
and the principal of the Mivjtahid Imams, who looked to
the kiyas as the main authoritj' upon which to base deci-
sions. At the period of his birth, four, or as some authors
say, six of the companions of the Prophet, were still living.
Vide Hanifa (Imam).
Abu-Hatim, f*'^^J-iK ^ c^^^^rated Musalman lawyer. Vide
Hatim, sm-named Al-Asamm.
Abu-Huraira, ij^j^^ ^t,that is "father of the kitten,"
so nicknamed by Muhammad, because of his fondness for a
cat which he always carried about with him. He was
so constantly called by this name, that his true name is
not known, nor his pedigree. He was such a constant
attendant upon Muhammad, that a great many traditions
go under his name ; so many, indeed, that the multitude
of them make people suspect them. Nevertheless, others
receive them without hesitation as of undoubted authority.
He was Kazi of Mecca in the time of 'Usman. He died
in the year 679 A. D., 59 A. H.
Abu Husain Zarrin, ujJjj (^j-~.^_jJt,ofHirat, and master
of Abii-' Abdullah Maghribf. He died at the age of 120.
Abu-Ibrahim IsmaU,ij5i>*^'(^'=" (^^MyJ ji^,
son of Yahya al-Mazani, a distinguished disciple of Imam
Shafi'i, and author of the " Jami' Saghir" and other
works. He died in the year 878 A. D., 264 A. H. He
was the most celebrated amongst Shafi'i' s followers for
his acquaintance with the legal system and jui-idical deci-
sions of his preceptor, and for his knowledge of the tradi-
tions. Amongst other works, he wrote the " Mukhtasir,"
the "Mansur", the "Rasail-ul-Mu'tabira" and the "Kitab-
ul-Wasaik." The Mukhtasir is the basis of all the treatises
composed on the legal doctrines of Shafi'i, who himself
entitled Al-Mazani "the champion" of his doctrine.
Abu-l£-h.ak, son of Alptigfn, independent governor of
Ghazni. Abu-Is-hak handed over the reigns of the gov-
ernment to Subuktigfn, who on Is-hak's death in A. D.
977, A. H. 367, usurped the throne]
Abu-Is-hak, (jJ j^s^'"! the son of Muhammad,
an inhabitant of Syria, who wrote an excellent commentary
to Mutanabbi. He died in 1049 A. D., 441 A. H.
Abu-Is-hak Ahmad, i>.«.s»| or Abul-Is-hak
Ibrahim bin-Ismail, author of the " Kisas-ul-Anbiya"
which contains an account of the creation of the world,
and a history of all the prophets preceding Muhammad ;
also the history of Muhammad till the battle of Uhud,
A. D. 623. He died in 1036 A. D., 427 A. H.
Abu-Is-hak al-Kaziruni, ,^j_j;3^-'l (J^*"' y), a Mu-
hammadan saint who, they say, lighted a lamp in the
mosque of the college called " Takht Siraj," which
continued burning for four hundi-ed years till the time
of Bin-Kasim.
Abu-Is-hak Hallaj, (Arabic characters) generaUy
called " Bus-hak At'ima", a poet and cotton-thrasher, who
never wrote a verse without mentioning in it the name
of a dish; consequently they gave him the name of At'ima,
i. e. meals. His poetical name is Bus-hak. He lived in
the time of Sikandar son of 'Umar Shaikh ; "oide Is-liak.
Abu-Is-hak Isfaraini, J^j^'^ (3='"'->i', son of Mu-
hammad, author of the " Jami'-ul-Jila," which refutes the
doctrines of various sects. He died in 1027 A. D., 418 A. H.
Abu-Is-hak Shami) of Sp-ia, a famous saint, who died
on the 14th Eabi' II, 329, and lies buried at 'Akka.]
Abu-Is-hak Shirazi, (3^""! j-j', author of the
" Tabakat ul-Fukaha," a collection of the lives of celebrated
lawyers. He died A. D. 1083, 476 A. H.
Abu-Is-hak, (i^*"' ^-i^ (Shah Shaikh). His
father Amir Muliammad Shah, a descendant of Khwaja
'Abdullah Ansari, was governor of Shfraz in the reign
of Sultan Abii-Sa'id Khan, and was murdered during the
reign of Arpa Khan in 1335 A. D., 736 ^. H. His son
Amir Mas'iid, who succeeded him was also slain shortly
after, when his brother Abii-Is-hak took possession of
Shiraz in 1336. He reigned 18 years; but when Amir
Muhammad Muzaflfar besieged Shiraz in 1353 A. D., 754
A. H., Abu-Is-hak fled to Isfahan, where he was slain
four years after, on Friday the 12th May 1357 A. D., 21st
Jumada I, 758 A. H.
Abu-Ismail Muhammad, •^♦^'*Jji«*-«l y, author of
the history called " Tarikh Futiih-il-Sham" the conquest of
Syria by the generals of 'Umar in forty -two battles,
during the years 638 and 639 of the Christian Era, trans-
lated and abridged from the " Tabakat Wakidi."
Abu-Ja'far, (Arabic characters) vide Al-Mansur.
Abu-Ja'far Ahmad bin-Muhammad Tahawi,
(Arabic characters), an inhabitant of Taha, a
village in Egypt. He was a follower of the Hanafiya
sect, and is the author of the commentary on the Kuran,
called " Ahkam-ul- Kuran," and other works, called
" Ikhtilaf-ul-'ulama", " Ma'ani-l-Asar", " Nasikh and
Mansiikh", all in Arabic. He died in the year 933 A. D,,
321 A. H. He also wrote an abridgement of the Hanafi
doctrines, called the " Mukhtasu- ut-Tahawi."
