'Umar 277 'Unsari nothing calculated to cast odium on one so inimical to their superstitions. 'Umar Khayam seems particularly to direct his satire against the mysticism of Mawasf, the most exalted poet of his time, though inferior in this extraordinary and incomprehensible style to the later followers of the same school, Attar and the great Mulla. However reprehensible his mockery would be if really directed against religion in general, it scarcely deserves the severity it met with , when we consider that it was the abuses he attacked and the absurdities he ridiculed ; and as for the incongruities introduced into his poems, and his professed love of pleasure, he is only following or rather pointing out as absurd, the contradictions of the mystic poets, which are difficult enough to reconcile to the understanding, whether allegorical or not. The fol- lowing will give an idea of the style of 'Umar Khayam : " Ah ! ye who long that, in time's coming night Your names should shine in characters of light, Let not this duty ever be forgot ; — Love weU. your neighbour ; do him no despite." " Ah ! strive your best no human heart to wring, Let no one feel your anger burn or sting ; Would you be wrapped in everlasting joy, Learn how to suffer, and cause no suffering." Some English versions of the Quatrains by Mr. Edward Fitzgerald have been published by Quaritch of London. 'Umar Khayam was contemporaneous with Hasan Sabbah, Nizam-ul-Mulk wazir of Maliksh&h, and Mawasi the poet. Khushgo in his Tazkira has recorded the year of 'Umar Khayam's death 1123 A. D., 617 A. H., and this appears to be correct. Wajid 'Alf in his Matla-ul-Ulum says that he died in 1121 A. D., 515 A. H. 'Umar Mahrami, (jf^irt"*-?*^? author of a work caUed " Hujjat-ul-Hind," written in 1645 A. D. 'Umar Mirza, bj'^J*^, one of the sons of Miranshah the son of Amir Taimur. He was defeated and wounded in a battle fought against Shahrukh Mirza and died after a few days in May, 1407 A. D., 809 A. H. 'Umar Sahlan (Kazi Mir) Sawaji, ts'?-^'* ^^^^ {^"^^^j author of a work on the science of Logic and Philosophy called " Masabir Nasiri," which he dedicated to Nasfr-uddin Mahmud the wazir of Sultan Sanjar. 'Umar Shaikh Mirza, U/" ^^J*^} second son of Amir Taimur. He was governor of Persia during the lifetime of his father, and was killed in battle in 1394 A. D., 799 A. H , aged 40 years. Baikara Mirza who succeeded him was one of his sons. 'Umar Shaikh Mirza, Lir* J^j*^, one of the eleven sons of Sultan Abu Said Mirza, the son of Sultan Mu- hammad, the son of Miranshah, the son of Amfr Taimur. He was the father of Babar Shah king of Dehli ; born at Samarkand in the year 1456 A. D., 860 A. H., and held the government of Andijan during the lifetime of his father which, with the united principality of Farghana, he continued to govern after his death which took place in 1469 A. D., 873 A. H. He died after a reign of 26 lunar years and 2 months on Monday the 9th of June, 1494 A. D., 4th Eamazan, 899 A, H. by the fall of a scaffold upon which he stood to see his pigeons flying ; aged 39 lunar years. His son Babar, then in his elevent h year, was advanced to the throne by his nobles and assumed the title of Zahir-uddin. 'Umdat-Ul-Mulk, <^^> o>x^, a title of Nawab Amfr Khan. 'Umdat-Ul-Umra, b^^l X'^-^, the eldest son of Mu- hammad 'All Khan the Nawah of the Kamatik. He succeeded his father in October, 1795 A. D., and died on the 15th July, 1801 A. D., on his death the English resolved to take the functions of government into their own hands. 'AH Husain, the next heir, refused to comply. The English in consequence, raised 'Azim- uddaula, the nephew of the deceased Nawab, to the no- minal throne, on condition of his renouncing the powers of government in their favour. Umm Habiba, (•!, one of the wives of Muhammad. She was the daughter of Abu Sufian the father of Mu'awia I, and died in 664 A. D., 44 A. H. Umm Habiba, f', daughter of Rabia and fourth wife of 'All, by whom she had one son named 'Umar. Umm Hanna, (•', a daughter of Abu Talib and sister of 'AH the son-in-law of Muhammad. Umm Jamil, ^*<^ daughter of Harb, sister of Abu Sufian and wife of Abu Lahab. Because she fomented the hatred which her husband bore to Bluhammad, the passage in the Kuran, Ch. CXI was revealed against them. Umm Makri, tSJ^ (*U one of the principal Muham- madan saints, born at Ghazni ; who acquired such great reputation by his sanctity, that Sultan Mahmud often went to consult him, and refused to sit down in his pre- sence, out of respect to his virtues. He Hved about the year 1000 A. D. Umm Salma, daughter of Abu Umayya and wife of Muhammad. She outlived all the wives of that prophet and died in 679 A. D., 59 A. H. Umyd, the poetical name of Mirza Muhammad Baza, whose title was Kizalhash Khan, which see. Umydi, Maulana, lS'^ one of the best poets of his time, born at Tehran a province of Rei. Najm Sam, Mir 'Abdul Bakf and Khwaja Habfb-ullah who were nobles in the service of Shah Ismail Safwf, were his intimate friends ; but Shah Kawam-uddfn Niir Bakh- shi who was also one of the courtiers, and was his enemy, murdered him one night in the year 1519 A. D., 925 A. H. Ung or Ang, which see. Uns, ijr^'} poetical name of Munshi Lalchand, vide Lal- chand. 'Unsari, LSj^^i commonly called Abu'l Kasim 'Unsarf, a native of Balkh and one of the learned men who lived at the court of Sultan Mahmud of Ghaznf. He was a pupil of Abu'l Farah Sanjari and master of the poets Asjadi and Farrukhf. He is esteemed to hold the first rank, as to genius, in that age ; for besides being one of the best poets, he was a great philosopher, versed in all the known sciences, and all the learned languages of those times. Four hundred poets and learned men, be- sides all the students of the university of Ghazni ac- knowledged him for their master. Among the works of 'Unsari there is an heroic poem upon the actions of Sultan Mahmud. The king one night in a debauch having cut off the long tresses of his favourite slave, Ayaz, was much 70
