ants that "its victory was their only hope." Of all the lies hatched at Versailles and reëchoed by the glorious European penny-a-liner, one of the most tremendous was that the Rurals represented the French peasantry. Think only of the love of the French peasant for the men to whom, after 1815, he had to pay the milliard of indemnity! In the eyes of the French peasant, the very existence of a great landed proprietary is in itself an encroachment on his conquests of 1789. The bourgeoisie, in 1848, had burthened his plot of land with the additional tax of forty-five centimes in the franc; but then it did so in the name of the revolution; while now it had fomented a civil war against the revolution, to shift on the peasant's shoulders the chief load of the five milliards of indemnity to be paid to the Prussian. The Commune, on the other hand, in one of its first proclamations, declared that the true originators of the war would be made to pay its cost. The Commune would have delivered the peasant of the blood tax, would have given him a cheap government, transformed his present blood-suckers, the notary, advocate, executor, and other judicial vampires, into salaried communal agents, elected by, and responsible to, himself. It would have freed him of the tyranny of the garde champêtre,[1] the gendarme, and the prefect; would have put enlightenment by the schoolmaster in the place of stultification by the priest. And the French peasant is, above all, a man of reckoning. He
- ↑ The garde champêtre is a rural guard, appointed in each rural commune (corresponding in size to the smallest of our eastern townships), for the protection of crops, cattle and other farm property. While the mounted gendarmes police the national and departmental highways, he polices the fields and communal by-ways, enforces the communal ordinances and the game laws, arrests poachers, etc. On account of his acquaintance with every man, woman, and child residing in the commune, and of his dependence upon the bourgeois officials for his position, he is frequently required to act the part of a political spy and can in many small ways be very troublesome or even tyrannical.—Note to the American Edition.
