they may appear to result from his magnificence or liberality, are actually dictated by no other motives than prudence or policy, and their object is to attach the party, and receive a fourfold remuneration in one shape or another. It is true, he frequently sacrifices to the national vanity, but he is amply repaid for these concessions. He is a strict economist, as our author recommends, and his example we would also recommend to some other potentates; but this economy, as Machiavelli directs, is only in his own resources. He is prodigal of the riches of his enemy; and is beloved by the army, because he suffers them to enrich themselves whenever they find treasure to do it.
Chap. 17. Of cruelty and clemency, and whether it is better to be loved than feared. Machiavelli, as if he had not already sufficiently justified the conduct of Cæsar Borgia, takes this opportunity of approving his apparent cruelty, inasmuch as it added Romagnia to his states, and established in it peace and tranquillity, of
