ter. Therein he differed from the utopian socialists who preceded him and from such of those who followed him, who, like Bernstein for instance, have returned to the moral application of economic theories. That is why Bernstein and the rest of the Revisionists do not see the connection between the Marxian theory of value and his socialism. Any theory of value will do for them as long as it permits, or they think it permits, the moral application which they are after. And as any theory might be made to yield such a moral to those who look for it, they have become indifferent to theories of value in general. Not so with Marx. His socialism is scientific, as distinguished from utopian based on moral applications, in that it is the result of "the inevitable break-down of the capitalistic mode of production." But this inevitable break-down can only be understood and explained by the aid of the Marxian theory of value. That is why his theory of value and his socialism are so intimately connected in his system. Marx based his socialism on his theory of value. But on its economic results, not on its moral application. And it is due to the lack of understanding on the part of his critics as to what Marx conceived to be the economic results of his theory of value, that the discussion of the relation between his theory of value and his socialism is still going on, and his and Engels' writings are still being put to all sorts of uses.
The law of value which lies at the basis of capitalism contains within itself, according to Marx, a mass of contradictions which lead in the development of capitalist society to the formation of a series of antagonistic elements which must ultimately result in its break-down. While these contradictions and antagonisms are developed by the same economic process, they are not all of a strictly economic nature, and may have results of what is usually considered a moral character.
While the facts themselves which will lead to the displacement of the capitalist system must be strictly economic in their nature, that is to say the capitalist mode of pro-
