what was conceded in principle that interests us here. It is not, therefore, the legislation or attempted legislation for the benefit of the working class only that must be considered, but all legislative attempts which show this change of ideology.
In this connection we desire to state that there is some basis of fact in the cry raised in some capitalist quarters that Roosevelt is more "dangerous" as a socialist than Bryan. We do not think much of the socialism of either, and believe that they are both quite "safe," but we really think that Roosevelt is not quite as "sane" from the capitalist point of view. The difference between them is that between reactionary and progressive capitalism. It is the difference between anti-trust laws and railway rate legislation. Both classes of legislation are purely capitalistic measures, designed to protect the small capitalists against the big ones. But the methods adopted are based on fundamentally different social principles. As was already mentioned in an earlier part of this chapter, the anti-trust law is a capitalistic measure pure and simple, based on the theory that the State had only police duties to perform. Railway rate regulation, on the other hand, proceeds upon the theory that social means of production are there primarily for the benefit of society as a whole, and are, therefore, subject to social control. That does not mean that railway rate regulation is of any importance in itself. Neither regulation nor even ownership of railways by the capitalistic state are of any importance. But the assumption of regulation, particularly in a purely capitalistic country like the United States, is of significance as showing the drift of ideas. It is also of significance. that attention is diverted from incomes, the Bryan mode of attacking capitalism, to the control of production, the field on which the real battles for the reorganization of the social structure will have to be fought out.
These changes in ideology have not come about because people have obtained a "better insight" into the true relation of things, but because the basis of all ideology, the eco-
