critics of being a blind follower of the classical English School of political economy, and particularly of Ricardo, and again by others that he understood neither that school in general nor Ricardo in particular. We shall not go into that, for the reasons given before, except to say that while many parts of his economic theory had been worked out before him, particularly by the English Classical school, the system as such, the combination of the parts into a systematic structure, the point of view from which the structure was built, as well as the corner-stone of the structure, the theory of surplus value, are all his own. We also wish to say right here that Marx had to construct an economic theory of his own for the reason that his historical point of view placed him in opposition to the reigning classical school which accepted our economic system as "natural," that is to say: independent of historical development in its origin, and final in its application. This offended Marx's better historical understanding, his philosophy. The classical school considering the capitalist system eternal, analyzed only the relations of its parts to one another, whereas Marx, because of his peculiar point of view, looked not only into the workings of its parts and their relations to each other, but also into the changes effected by the relations of the different parts of the capitalist system in each of those parts and the changes in the whole system flowing therefrom. In other words, Marx examined the dynamics of the capitalist system as a whole, and in the light so gained re-examined its statics, already examined by the classical school. His philosophy which placed him in opposition to the classical English school of political economy, also prevented him from drifting into any so-called psychological theory. The underlying principle of all of these theories, the attempt to explain social phenomena by individual motives, is entirely repugnant to his historico-sociological point of view, requiring as that does, that social phenomena should be explained in such a manner as to account for their origin,
