14
number of derivatives, such as b 3 and d 3; and further, we also find types here which are not known at all from Naujan, partly A II c 1 and partly the very flat form B I c. In later grave finds from Qilalukan we found the flat forms predominating, in fact supreme, as in grave find 9 which has the types BIa, BIc and B II c. In the Kuk find we meet in the oldest houses, which are contemporary with Naujan, only Alb1 and c1; in the rather later houses such as VII, these forms are still in the majority, but other types occur too, as Allc 1 and BIa; in the latest houses, such as III, we only find the lately developed, flat forms BId; among the Sadlermiut who died out in 1902 we do not find the old forms from Naujan at all, but mostly the very developed types B II c-d. In Comer's Midden Ala and Alc1 predominate; BIc is also met with, however; in a slightly later stratum BII c. The Malerualik find, which approaches very closely to the Naujan find, only has types Alb1 and c 1. The present-day Iglulik Eskimos use A II c 2 for walrus hunting, B IIb (of iron) or BIIc (of bone with iron blade) for seal hunting, and large harpoon heads of BII c for narwhal and white whale hunting.
The composition of these finds indicates that the forms which for typological reasons are regarded as being the most simple are really the oldest too. The Thule group AI is the oldest and, within this, the fundamental types a, b1 and c1 are the oldest. Within B it is I that is the oldest group; B II must be regarded as the youngest of all four main groups.
Naturally, everything does not go according to systems in the world of culture, and one must not go to extremes in systemising. Old forms may have been retained for special purposes far through the ages; in fact, the Iglulik Eskimos still use A II a as a salmon harpoon head. For the most part, however, it may be assumed that developments have followed the course sketched above.
After having determined the mutual chronological relationship between the harpoon heads of the Central Eskimos, the next task is to determine the geographic spread of these harpoon heads in order to see whether anything can be deduced from this.
Occurs, although in only few examples, in the settlement finds from Naujan (Pl. 1. 1),[1] Qilalukan (Pl. 40.5 and 7, the latter, however, with only faint spur, and 8, a degenerate form with lateral line
- ↑ The plates designated "Pl." referred to here and in the following are the plates in Part I of this work, which, where reference is made to text, maps or text-figures, will otherwise be referred to as I.
