Fiji (continued)
machinery, consumer goods; partners—US 4.8%, NZ, Australia, Japan
External debt: $398 million (December 1989 est.)
Industrial production: growth rate -15% (1988 est.)
Electricity: 215,000 kW capacity; 330 million kWh produced, 440 kWh per capita (1989)
Industries: sugar, copra, tourism, gold, silver, fishing, clothing, lumber, small cottage industries
Agriculture: principal cash crop is sugarcane; coconuts, cassava, rice, sweet potatoes, and bananas; small livestock sector includes cattle, pigs, horses, and goats
Aid: Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1980-87), $677 million
Currency: Fijian dollar (plural—dollars); 1 Fijian dollar (F$) = 100 cents
Exchange rates: Fijian dollars (F$) per US$1—1.4950 (January 1990), 1.4833 (1989), 1.4303 (1988), 1.2439 (1987), 1.1329 (1986), 1.1536 (1985)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Communications
Railroads: 644 km 0.610-meter narrow
gauge, belonging to the government-owned
Fiji Sugar Corporation
Highways: 3,300 km total (1984)—390 km paved; 1,200 km bituminous-surface treatment; 1,290 km gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized soil surface; 420 unimproved earth
Inland waterways: 203 km; 122 km navigable by motorized craft and 200-metric-ton barges
Ports: Lambasa, Lautoka, Savusavu, Suva
Merchant marine: 9 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 42,872 GRT/49,795 DWT; includes 1 cargo, 2 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 2 container, 2 liquefied gas, 1 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 1 chemical tanker
Civil air: 1 DC-3 and 1 light aircraft
Airports: 26 total, 24 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications: modern local, interisland, and international (wire/radio integrated) public and special-purpose telephone, telegraph, and teleprinter facilities; regional radio center; important COMPAC cable link between US-Canada and New Zealand-Australia; 53,228 telephones; stations—7 AM, 1 FM, no TV; 1 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT earth station
Defense Forces
Branches: integrated ground and naval
forces
Military manpower: males 15-49, 194,433; 107,317 fit for military service; 7,864 reach military age (18) annually
Defense expenditures: 2.5% of GDP (1988)
Finland
_Finland.jpg)
See regional map V
Geography
Total area: 337,030 km²; land area:
305,470 km²
Comparative area: slightly smaller than Montana
Land boundaries: 2,578 km total; Norway 729 km, Sweden 536 km, USSR 1,313 km
Coastline: 1,126 km excluding islands and coastal indentations
Maritime claims:
- Contiguous zone: 6 nm
- Continental shelf: 200 meters or to depth of exploitation
- Exclusive fishing zone: 12 nm
- Territorial sea: 4 nm
Climate: cold temperate; potentially subarctic, but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes
Terrain: mostly low, flat to rolling plains interspersed with lakes and low hills
Natural resources: timber, copper, zinc, iron ore, silver
Land use: 8% arable land; 0% permanent crops; NEGL% meadows and pastures; 76% forest and woodland; 16% other; includes NEGL% irrigated
Environment: permanently wet ground covers about 30% of land; population concentrated on small southwestern coastal plain
Note: long boundary with USSR; Helsinki is northernmost national capital on European continent
People
Population: 4,977,325 (July 1990), growth
rate 0.3% (1990)
Birth rate: 13 births/1,000 population (1990)
Death rate: 10 deaths/1,000 population (1990)
Net migration rate: NEGL migrants/1,000 population (1990)
