Budget: revenues $719 million; expenditures $808 million, including capital expenditures of $103 million (1988)
Exports: $1.3 billion (f.o.b., 1988); commodities—coffee, bananas, textiles, sugar; partners—US 75%, FRG, Guatemala, Netherlands, UK, Japan
Imports: $1.4 billion (c.i.f., 1988); commodities—petroleum, machinery, consumer durables, chemicals, fertilizer, food-stuffs; partners—US 35%, Japan, Guatemala, FRG
External debt: $4.5 billion (1989)
Industrial production: growth rate 2.1% (1988)
Electricity: 909,000 kW capacity; 2,928 million kWh produced, 990 kWh per capita (1989)
Industries: food processing, textiles and clothing, construction materials, fertilizer
Agriculture: accounts for 20-25% of GDP
and 70% of exports; cash commodities—coffee,
beef, bananas, sugar; other food
crops include corn, rice, beans, potatotes;
normally self-sufficient in food except for
grain; depletion of forest resources resulting
in lower timber output
Illicit drugs: illicit production of cannabis on small scattered plots; transshipment country for cocaine from South America
Aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-88), $1.3 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-87), $706 million; Communist countries (1971-88), $27 million
Currency: Costa Rican colón (plural—colones); 1 Costa Rican colón (C) = 100 centimes
Exchange rates: Costa Rican colones (C) per US$1—84.689 (January 1990), 81.504 (1989), 75.805 (1988), 62.776 (1987), 55.986 (1986), 50.453 (1985)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Communications
Railroads: 950 km total, all 1.067-meter
gauge; 260 km electrified
Highways: 15,400 km total; 7,030 km paved, 7,010 km gravel, 1,360 km unimproved earth
Inland waterways: about 730 km, seasonally navigable
Pipelines: refined products, 176 km
Ports: Puerto Limon, Caldera, Golfito, Moin, Puntarenas
Merchant marine: 2 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,279 GRT/6,602 DWT
Civil air: 9 major transport aircraft
Airports: 193 total, 177 usable; 25 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 11 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications: very good domestic telephone service; 292,000 telephones; connection into Central American Microwave System; stations—71 AM, no FM, 18 TV, 13 shortwave; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station
Defense Forces
Branches: Civil Guard, Rural Assistance
Guard; note—Constitution prohibits
armed forces
Military manpower: males 15-49, 785,429; 530,986 fit for military service; 31,899 reach military age (18) annually
Defense expenditures: 0.6% of GDP (1987)
Cuba
_Cuba.jpg)
See regional map III
Geography
Total area: 110,860 km²; land area:
110,860 km²
Comparative area: slightly smaller than Pennsylvania
Land boundary: 29.1 km with US Naval Base at Guantánamo; note—Guantánamo is leased and as such remains part of Cuba
Coastline: 3,735 km
Maritime claims:
- Extended economic zone: 200 nm
- Territorial sea: 12 nm
Disputes: US Naval Base at Guantánamo is leased to US and only mutual agreement or US abandonment of the area can terminate the lease
Climate: tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November to April); rainy season (May to October)
Terrain: mostly flat to rolling plains with rugged hills and mountains in the southeast
Natural resources: cobalt, nickel, iron ore, copper, manganese, salt, timber, silica
Land use: 23% arable land; 6% permanent crops; 23% meadows and pastures; 17% forest and woodland; 31% other; includes 10% irrigated
Environment: averages one hurricane every other year
Note: largest country in Caribbean; 145 km south of Florida
People
Population: 10,620,099 (July 1990),
growth rate 1.1% (1990)
Birth rate: 18 births/1,000 population (1990)
Death rate: 7 deaths/1,000 population (1990)
Net migration rate: -1 migrant/1,000 population (1990)
Infant mortality rate: 12 deaths/1,000 live births (1990)
