xviii
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE
| 1431-1449 | Council of Basel | |
| 1435 | Death of Duke of Bedford | |
| Duke of Burgundy abandons the English alliance | ||
| Cosimo de' Medici comes into power in Florence | ||
| 1435-1442 | Alfonso V of Aragon and Sicily wins the Kingdom of Naples in a struggle with René of Anjou | |
| 1437 | House of Hapsburg becomes practically hereditary in the Holy Roman Empire | |
| 1438 | Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges | |
| 1438-1439 | Council of Ferrara-Florence | |
| 1444 | Battle of Varna | |
| c 1450 | Invention of printing | |
| 1451 | Francesco Sforza becomes despot of Milan | |
| 1452 | Last coronation of a Holy Roman Emperor at Rome | |
| 1453 | Fall of Constantinople | |
| Close of the Hundred Years War | ||
| 1455 | Wars of the Roses begin | |
| 1460 | Death of Prince Henry the Navigator | |
| 1465 | League of the Public Welfare against Louis XI | |
| 1469 | Marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile | |
| 1477 | Death of Charles the Bold; marriage of Mary of Burgundy and Maximilian | |
| 1478 | Novgorod captured by Ivan III of Russia | |
| About the same time Russia is freed from the Golden Horde | ||
| 1485 | Battle of Bosworth Field; Henry VII founds the Tudor dynasty | |
| i486 | Diaz rounds the Cape of Good Hope | |
| 1492 | Discovery of America | |
| Conquest of Granada | ||
| Death of Lorenzo de' Medici | ||
| 1494 | Charles VIII invades Italy | |
| 1498 | Vasco da Gama reaches India | |
| Execution of Savonarola | ||
| 1505 | Michelangelo called to Rome | |
| 1508 | League of Cambray against Venice | |
| Raphael comes to Rome | ||
| 1513 | The Prince of Machiavelli | |
| 1515 | Battle of Marignano | |
| 1517 | Luther posts his Ninety Five Theses | |
| 1519 | Charles V elected Holy Roman Emperor | |
| Death of Leonardo da Vinci |
