Courland, 184
Court attendance, 242-43, 251, 257, 481, 491
Court ceremonial officials, 202, 262, 268, 277, 491, 533
Court ceremony and etiquette, 70, 131, 148, 242, 268, 435, 617
Court life of southern France, 404-06; of Italian Renaissance, 580, 587
Courtesy, 403
Courtier, The Book of the , 594, 596
Courtly epic, 406
Courts of law, see Admiralty, Church, Feudal, Folk, Gilds, Hundred, Imperial, Inquisition, Law, Manorial, Papal, Royal, Shire, Towns, Vehm
Courtrai, battle of, 499, 512
Cracow, 549; university of, 552
Crécy, battle of, 513-14 , 517, 519, 522, 526, 622
Credi, Lorenzo di, 606
Cremona, 352, 468
Crenelation, 247
Crete, 4, 19-20, 226, 308, 465
Crimea, 55, 344
Criminous clerks, 296-98
Critical attitude in history, 6-8, 597-98
Croatia and Croats, 151-52, 229, 308
Crossbow, 514
Cross, holy, 150-51, 321; sign of, 101, 158; "taking the," 311
Cruciform churches, 419-20
Cruelty, ancient, 32, 38; Visigothic, 121; Byzantine, 195-96, 308, 342; of Northmen, 216, 218; Bulgarian, 229; feudal, 251, 447-48; of Timur, 557; of Italian despots, 577-78
Crusades, 16, 190, 225, 260, 299, 301, 310-26 , 346, 349, 363, 405, 417, 435, 444, 463, 465-69, 483, 494-95, 537, 546, 554, 612; against the Ottoman Turks, 556, 558, 574, 622; against the Hussites, 570-71
Crusading Orders, see Military Orders
Crypt, 420
Ctesiphon, 177, 184
Cube, The, see Kaaba
Culmbach, 540
Culture, see Civilization, Classical
Curiales (or, Decurions), 26, 66-67, 73
Curia , see Papal court
Curia regis , 268, 277
Customs, surviving from earlier periods, 4; power of, among early Germans, 48-49; "college," 392; variety of medieval local, 371, 474-75, 508, 617, 632
Customs duties, 258, 263, 333, 335-36, 343, 345, 351, 358, 366, 467, 521, 608
Cyclades, 367
Cyprian, 102
Cyprus, 19-20, 177, 308, 321, 453
Cyrene, 106
Czechs, 216, 228, 390, 552, 570
Dacia, 54-55, 151
Dagobert, King of the Franks, 167, 192-93
Dalmatia, 69, 118, 136, 138, 151, 209, 308, 445, 453, 583; Archbishop of, 157
Dalriada, Kingdom of, 166
Damascus, 150, 180, 182, 319, 344, 557
Damasus, Pope, 107
Damietta, 322
Damme, 367
Danelaw, 220-21
Danegeld, 275, 277
Danes, 199, 202, 217, 220-22, 226, 275, 305, 474; and see Denmark
Dante, 410-15 , 432, 560, 562, 576, 586-88, 593, 598, 601; quoted, 503
Danube River, 12, 17, 23, 43, 53-55, 75-76, 80, 84-85, 138-40, 151, 228-29, 309, 548, 554
Dardanelles, 54
Dates, in history, 13; of French and English kings, 511
Dauphin , 519-21, 526-28, 620, 623
Dauphine, 271, 519, 620, 624
David , of Donatello, 603-04
Deacon, 100, 105, 154, 286, 562
Dean, 437, 484
Decameron , 593
Deccan, 394
Decius, Roman Emperor, 54
Decorated architecture, 431
Decretum of Gratian, 378
Decurions, see Curiales
Defensor pacis , 561-62, 575
Defensores , 73
Degrees, see Academic
De hæretico comburendo , statute of 565
Delhi, 556
Demesne, 236, 344, 477, 486
Democracy, 360, 362, 524, 570, 577, 584, 618; and see Communes, Government, People
Democritus, 22
De monarchia , 412
Demons, 33, 65, 97, 158, 160, 379-80, 412, 429
Demosthenes, 21, 24
Denmark, 40, 85, 218, 275, 287, 369, 398, 455, 460, 488, 532, 543-47
Deposition of rulers, of popes, 285,