Record of Bibliography and Library Literature. 289 top with $2,500,000, the late Mr. James Lennox, of New York, coming in next class as one of four who gave $2,000,000 each, and Mr. Andrew Carnegie being credited with $1,100,000. Of the total sum contributed by the eleven persons referred to, New York received $6,500,000 ; Illinois, $4,500,000 ; Maryland, $2,625,000 : Pennsylvania, $2,600,000 ; Minnesota, $500,000. SOME years ago it was stated by a curious investigator of literary history that one of the oldest, if not the oldest, circulating library in England was that started by William Hutton, the historian, of Birming- ham, in the year 1751. A more correct research brought to the light the fact that this honour is due to an ancestor of the late Bishop of Durham. One Joseph Barber, of the High Bridge, Newcastle, had lent books in 1746 ; and in 1757 at Amen Corner, near St. Nicholas' Churchyard, he had, we are told, 1,257 volumes on loan. Mr. Charnley, of Newcastle, started a circulating library in 1757. Barber thereupon announced that his annual subscription would be ios., and the quarterly payment half-a- crown. Wtuarg. SAMUEL SANDARS, M.A. MR. SAMUEL SANDARS, of 7, De Vere Gardens, Kensington, and Chalfont Grove, Bucks., the only son of the late Geo. Sandars, Esq., of Little Chesterford Park, late M.P., for Wakefield, was born April 25, 1837, and educated at Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge. He took his B.A. degree in 1860 and proceeded to his M.A. in 1863. He was called to the Bar at the Inner Temple, was a Fellow of the Royal Geographical and Royal Historical Societies and a member of the L.A.U.K. and of the Bibliographical Society. Mr. Sandars, as a member of the Reception Committee, took a prominent position in connection with the last London meeting of the L.A.U.K. He was J.P. for the county of Bucks, andhadjust entered upon the office of High Sheriff for that county when he died suddenly on June 15. 1Recort> of BtblioGtapb^ anfc Xtbrarg ^Literature. Libraries in the Medieval and Renaissance Periods. The Rede Lecture, delivered June 13, 1894. B Y J- w - Clark, M.A., F.S.A., Registrary of the University, and formerly Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. Cambridge, MacmiUan &> Bowes, 1894, 2s. 6d. This is a brief, but valuable and interesting account of the interior arrangements of ancient libraries, tracing the development of book storage from the reading desk to which books were chained, to the comparatively modern wall case. The evolution of the modern book case may be traced in the following extracts from Mr. Clark's useful work : " When books were first placed in a separate room, fastened with iron chains, for the use of the fellows of a college, or the monks of a convent, the piece of furniture used was, I take it, an elongated lectern or desk, of
