On submitting the compounds of the other elements to the same tests, we shall find that each of them, when converted into luminous gas, is capable of producing coloured lines of various kinds when the light of their flames is passed through a prism. If, therefore, we had a number of salts of whose composition we were ignorant, all we need do is to burn them in a spirit-lamp, and by the number and position in the lines of their spectra we should be able to tell immediately of what they were composed.
The spectra of nearly all the elements capable of being connected with luminous gas have been determined with great accuracy. Perhaps the number and position of the lines of a few spectra will be interesting to the student.
Sodium.—This is the metallic base of soda salts, and gives a double bright yellow line in the middle of the yellow.
Potassium.—The base of the various salts of potash. It gives one line in the extreme red, one in the middle of the red, one in the violet, and a peculiar glow in the centre of the spectrum.
Strontium.—The base of the strontia salts, of which the nitrate is used as the principal ingredient in the red fire of the theatres. It gives a group of lines in the red and orange, and a beautiful blue one in the middle of the blue.
Barium.—The base of the baryta salts, one of which is used in making green fire. It gives several strong lines in the green, and a few in the red, orange, and yellow.
After the position of the spectral lines of most of the elements had been discovered, Messrs. Bunsen and Kirchhoff were one day examining the saline deposit of a spring which issues from the earth near Durkheim, in
