that none of the honoured dead be kept waiting beyond his due time. All these numbers are calculated according to the old Japanese "inclusive" system or reckoning, so that the so-called third anniversary is really the second, etc. (see p. 12). White is the colour of mourning, not black as in Western lands.
Moxa. "Moxa" is one of the few Japanese words that have found their way into the English language. It is properly mogusa, a contraction of moe-kusa, that is "the burning herb,"—a name given, on account of its use, to the plant which we call "mugwort." It is employed as a cautery, fragments of it being rolled into a tiny cone, and then applied to the body and set fire to.
In the old Chinese and Japanese system of medicine, burning with the moxa was considered a panacea for almost every human ill. It was prescribed for fainting fits, nose-bleeding, rheuma tism, and a hundred other ailments. A woman unable to bear the pangs of child-birth was to be relieved by having three places burnt with it on the little toe of her right foot. In addition to this, the moxa was used as a punishment for children, many being burnt generally on the back—when more than usually naughty. This practice, which is not yet obsolete, accounts for some at least of the cicatrices on the naked backs and legs of jinrikisha-men and other coolies. There is a well-known story of a child, who, having committed arson, and rendered himself thereby liable, under the former severe law of the realm, to be burnt alive, was dragged out with impressive pomp to the place of execution, but let off at the last moment with an unusually severe application of the moxa.
Book recommended. Whitney's Notes on the History of Medical Progress in Japan, published in Vol. XII. Part IV. of the "Asiatic Transactions," especially p. 289 et seq., from which some of our statements have been taken.
Music. Music, if that beautiful word must be allowed to fall so low as to denote the strummings and squealings of Orientals, is supposed to have existed in Japan ever since mythological times. But Japanese music as at present known—its lutes, flutes, drums,
