sult of careful inquiry as to the necessary conditions of a Jihád, or Cresentade, instituted at the time of the excitement which existed in India in 1870–71, in consequence of a supposed Wahhábí conspiracy for the overthrow of Christian rule in that country. The whole matter, according to the Sunní Musulmáns, hinges upon the question whether India is Dár-ul-Harb, the land of enmity, or Dár-ul-Islám, the land of Islm.
The Muftís belonging to the Hanifia and Shafaʾía sects at Mecca decided that, "as long as even some of the peculiar observances of Islám prevail in a country, it is Dár-ul-Islám."
The decision of the Muftí of the Málikí sect was very similar, being to the following effect:—
"A country does not become Dár-ul-Harb as soon as it passes into the hands of the infidels, but when all or most of the injunctions of Islám disappear therefrom."
The law doctors of North India decided that, "the absence of protection and liberty to Musulmáns is essential in a Jihád, or religious war, and that there should be a probability of victory to the armies of Islám."
The Shíaʾh decision on the subject was as
